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Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for Patients With COVID-19
Institution:1. William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom;2. Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom;3. Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;4. University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Utrecht, the Netherlands;5. Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Rochester, Minnestoa, USA;6. Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;7. Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom;8. Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Working Group on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, Experimental Clinical Research Centre, Berlin, Germany;9. Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Berlin, Germany;10. Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung-Partnersite-Berlin, Berlin, Germany;11. Cardiovascular Imaging, Imaging and Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institutes, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;12. Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;13. Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;14. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA;15. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;p. Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland;q. Institute for Diagnostic Interventional Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland;r. Cardiovascular Division, Departments of Medicine and Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;s. Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Center for Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt AM Main, Germany;t. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;u. Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;v. Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;w. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Physiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;x. Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden;y. National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom;z. Departments of Radiology, Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine, and Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA;11. Heart Institute, InCor, University of São Paulo Medical School and Heart Hospital, Hospital do Coração, São Paulo, Brazil;22. Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA;33. Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands;44. Division of Imaging Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands;55. Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Abstract:COVID-19 is associated with myocardial injury caused by ischemia, inflammation, or myocarditis. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the noninvasive reference standard for cardiac function, structure, and tissue composition. CMR is a potentially valuable diagnostic tool in patients with COVID-19 presenting with myocardial injury and evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Although COVID-19–related myocarditis is likely infrequent, COVID-19–related cardiovascular histopathology findings have been reported in up to 48% of patients, raising the concern for long-term myocardial injury. Studies to date report CMR abnormalities in 26% to 60% of hospitalized patients who have recovered from COVID-19, including functional impairment, myocardial tissue abnormalities, late gadolinium enhancement, or pericardial abnormalities. In athletes post–COVID-19, CMR has detected myocarditis-like abnormalities. In children, multisystem inflammatory syndrome may occur 2 to 6 weeks after infection; associated myocarditis and coronary artery aneurysms are evaluable by CMR. At this time, our understanding of COVID-19–related cardiovascular involvement is incomplete, and multiple studies are planned to evaluate patients with COVID-19 using CMR. In this review, we summarize existing studies of CMR for patients with COVID-19 and present ongoing research. We also provide recommendations for clinical use of CMR for patients with acute symptoms or who are recovering from COVID-19.
Keywords:cardiovascular magnetic resonance  COVID-19  ischemia  multisystem inflammatory syndrome  myocardial injury  myocarditis  SARS-CoV-2  CMR"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"cardiovascular magnetic resonance  cTn"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"cardiac troponin  ECG"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"electrocardiogram  ECV"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"extracellular volume  LGE"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0090"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"late gadolinium enhancement  LV"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0100"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"left ventricle  MIS-C"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0110"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children  RV"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0120"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"right ventricle
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