Child developmental and special education service receipt: The intersection of health and poverty |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Virginia Commonwealth University, USA;2. Sam Houston State University, USA;3. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA;1. Coaching and Teaching Studies, College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, 375 Birch Street, P.O. Box 6116, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;2. Health and Physical Education, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, VA, USA;3. Center for Leadership in Disability, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA;4. Community Health Academic Group, School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland;1. Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Av. Batallon de San Patricio #112, Col. Real de San Agustin, San Pedro Garza Garcia, NL, CP, 66278, Mexico;2. Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Av. I. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Sertoma, Monterrey, NL, CP, 64710, Mexico;1. King''s Centre for Military Health Research, King''s College London, UK;2. Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King''s College London, UK;1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA;2. Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;4. Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;5. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundChildren born of low birth weight (LBW) and/or premature may have developmental delays and difficulties. The vulnerability, without early intervention, would have detrimental lifelong effects.ObjectivesThis study examined 1) the relationship between LBW and prematurity and the occurrence and timing of children's receipt of developmental and special education services; and 2) whether poverty intersects with LBW and prematurity affecting service receipt.MethodsThis population-based study used cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Children's Health which consisted of approximately 52,000 participants aged 1–17 between 2017 and 2018 in the United States. We conducted logistic regression to analyze the predictive relationship of LBW/prematurity and the occurrence of receiving developmental and special education services. We then conducted ordered logistic regression to examine whether LBW and prematurity predicted the timing of receiving developmental and special education services. Further, we conducted moderating analyses to examine whether the predictive relationships above varied with poverty. The analyses listed above were weighted to reflect the population drawn.ResultsChildren born with LBW and prematurity were more likely to receive developmental and special education services and they tended to receive services earlier than those born at normal weight and term. Educational disparities were evident among children in low-income families. Children of LBW in low-income families were less likely to receive earlier services than those in affluent families.ConclusionsThis study indicates developmental and special education needs of children born LBW and/or premature. With restrained assets, low-income families may need more assistance to promote optimal development for their children. |
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| Keywords: | Low birth weight Prematurity Developmental services Special education services Poverty |
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