Ticks on humans in an Atlantic rainforest preserved ecosystem in Brazil: Species,life stages,attachment sites,and temporal pattern of infestation |
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| Institution: | 1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38400-902, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Ixodologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil;3. Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, BR-469, Km 22.5, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná 85851-970, Brazil;4. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do PICI, Av. Humberto Monte, Bloco 209. S/N, Fortaleza, Ceará 60455-760, Brazil;5. Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná 85866-970, Brazil;6. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista – Unesp, Vias de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil;1. Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO United States;2. Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States;3. Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States;1. Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia;2. Behavioural Ecology Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia;1. The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States;2. US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States;3. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, United States;4. Duke University, 315 Trent Drive, Room 185 Hanes Building, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States;5. Virginia Department of Health, Office of Epidemiology, 109 Governor Street, Richmond, VA 23219, United States;6. Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States;7. Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen North), 3051 West Shamrell Boulevard, Suite 106, Flagstaff, AZ 86005, United States |
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| Abstract: | We herein describe exposure and tick attachment to researchers and field staff within the greatest preserved inland Atlantic rainforest, located in Brazil, over a non-consecutive period of five years. Overall, 433 ticks from five species were collected, Amblyomma coelebs (n = 281), Amblyomma brasiliense (n = 79), Amblyomma incisum (n = 43), Amblyomma ovale (n = 4), Haemaphysalis juxtakochi (n = 4). Clusters of larvae belonged to the genus Amblyomma (n = 21) and Haemaphysalis (n = 1). Both Haemaphysalis and Amblyomma species were observed crawling on humans but only ticks from the latter genus were found attached. Most recovered ticks (59%) were found attached and, whereas A. brasiliense was the main host-seeking tick species in the forest, A. coelebs nymphs were the ones that overwhelmingly attached to humans (70% of all attachments). At the same time only 0.4% of human bites were of A. ovale, the Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest vector tick in Brazil. Tick attachment sites were recorded for 132 ticks and lower/upper limbs and the trunk were more parasitized than the head/neck. Tick bites were recorded throughout the year; while larvae did not show an evident seasonal pattern, nymphs attached to humans mainly in autumn and winter and the few adult bites were recorded in spring. Our results highlighted A. coelebs nymphs as major human-biters and evidenced the necessity of studies that discern human tick bites that occur after exposure to host-seeking ticks from those that occur after tick displacement from hosts that carry ticks to human dwellings. |
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