Pleiotropic Effects of DCDC2 and DYX1C1 Genes on Language and Mathematics Traits in Nuclear Families of Developmental Dyslexia |
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| Authors: | Cecilia Marino Sara Mascheretti Valentina Riva Francesca Cattaneo Catia Rigoletto Marianna Rusconi Jeffrey R Gruen Roberto Giorda Claudio Lazazzera Massimo Molteni |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Child Psychiatry,Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea,Bosisio Parini,Italy;2.Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard,Quebec,Canada;3.The Academic Centre for the Study of Behavioural Plasticity,Vita Salute San Raffaele University,Milan,Italy;4.Molecular Biology Laboratory,Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea,Bosisio Parini,Italy;5.Yale Child Health Research Center,Yale University School of Medicine,New Haven,USA |
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| Abstract: | Converging evidence indicates that developmental problems in oral language and mathematics can predate or co-occur with developmental
dyslexia (DD). Substantial genetic correlations have been found between language, mathematics and reading traits, independent
of the method of sampling. We tested for association of variants of two DD susceptibility genes, DCDC2 and DYX1C1, in nuclear
families ascertained through a proband with DD using concurrent measurements of language and mathematics in both probands
and siblings by the Quantitative Transmission Disequilibrium Test. Evidence for significant associations was found between
DCDC2 and ‘Numerical Facts’ (p value = 0.02, with 85 informative families, genetic effect = 0.57) and between ‘Mental Calculation’ and DYX1C1 markers -3GA
(p value = 0.05, with 40 informative families, genetic effect = −0.67) and 1249GT (p value = 0.02, with 49 informative families, genetic effect = −0.65). No statistically significant associations were found
between DCDC2 or DYX1C1 and language phenotypes. Both DCDC2 and DYX1C1 DD susceptibility genes appear to have a pleiotropic
role on mathematics but not language phenotypes. |
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