定向加工对何首乌药材质量的影响研究

目的:研究何首乌初加工技术中干燥方式及发汗前烘干时间对其质量的影响,为不同类型优质何首乌的定向加工奠定基础。方法:以顺式二苯乙烯苷为毒性指标,以反式二苯乙烯苷、两结合蒽醌含量之和和两游离蒽醌含量之和为功效指标,考察干燥方式和发汗前烘干时间对指标成分的影响。结果:不同干燥方式、发汗前烘干时间的何首乌中顺式二苯乙烯苷质量分数均低于0.1%;反式二苯乙烯苷含量晒干处理下最高,其次为阴干、40~60℃烘干;两结合蒽醌含量之和以晒干和阴干最高,且含量与烘干温度呈负相关,两游离蒽醌含量之和以真空干燥和80℃烘干含量最高;反式二苯乙烯苷、两结合蒽醌含量之和均以烘5、10 h后再发汗时最高,发汗前烘干时间过长则其含量降低,两游离醌蒽含量之和规律则与之相反。结论:建议烘5~10 h后发汗最后晒干或阴干定向加工高含量反式二苯乙烯苷型何首乌,烘5~10 h后发汗晒干定向加工高含量结合蒽醌型何首乌,烘25~30 h后发汗最后真空干燥、阴干或70~80℃烘干定向加工高游离蒽醌型何首乌。

Study on Effect of Directional Processing on Quality of Polygonum multiflorum

Objective:The effects of different drying time before sweating and different drying methods on the quality of Polygonum multiflorum were studied in order to lay a foundation for directional cultivation of different types of high quality P.multiflorum.Methods:The effects of different sweating pretreatment methods and different drying methods on several index components were investigated by taking cis-stilbene glycoside as toxicity index,and trans-stilbene glycoside,the sum of two combined anthraquinone contents,sum of two free anthraquinone contents as efficacy index.Results:The content of cis-stilbene was the less than 0.1%in all groups.The content of trans-stilbene glycoside was the highest in sun drying,followed by shade drying,40~60℃drying;the content of combined anthraquinone was the highest in sun drying and shade drying,the content was negatively correlated with drying temperature;the content of free anthraquinone was the highest in vacuum drying and 80℃drying.The sum of trans stilbene glycoside content and two combined anthraquinones contents was the highest when they were dried for 5 or 10 hours and then sweated again.If the drying time before sweating was too long,the content of trans-stilbene glycoside and the sum of the two free anthraquinones was the opposite.Conclusion:It is suggested that low cis-stilbene glycoside P.multiflorum should be dried at 70℃after fresh-cut,high trans-stilbene glycoside P.multiflorum should be dried at 40~60℃after 5~10 hours before sweating,high combined anthraquinone P.multiflorum should be dried at 40℃after 5~10 hours before sweating,and high free anthraquinone P.multiflorum should be dried at 80℃after 25~30 hours before sweating.