Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching at low-intensities with standing toe touch on developing and maintaining hamstring flexibility |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;2. Woosong Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;1. Integrated Center of Research and Postgraduation in Health (CIPq), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Faculty of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance (PPGReab), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;4. Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology (SBFis), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;5. Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;6. Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;7. Department of Biophysics and Biometrics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;8. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, Verbania, Italy;1. School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia;2. Department of Medical Education, Level 7 North, Medical Building, Grattan St, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;3. School of Health & Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia;4. College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;5. Department of Pain Management, Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, Australia;1. Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria;2. Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching at low intensities has been rarely investigated. Previous studies have shown that hamstring flexibility after stretching is only temporary.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of low intensities (40% and 10% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction, MVIC) of PNF stretching on hamstring muscles and to assess the effect of standing toe touch on the duration of hamstring flexibility.MethodsThis was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Sixty-four healthy adults (age, 22.67 ± 1.73 years) were selected and divided into four groups: 40% intensity PNF stretching (P40), 10% intensity PNF stretching (P10), 40% intensity PNF stretching with toe touch (P40 with TT), and 10% intensity PNF stretching with toe touch (P10 with TT). Hamstring flexibility was measured using the active knee extension test (pre-stretching, post-stretching, and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min after PNF stretching).ResultsIn the P40, P40 with TT, and P10 with TT groups, significant changes were observed at all time points after stretching (p < 0.05). In the P10 group, significant changes were only observed immediately post stretching (p = 0.006) and at 3 min (p = 0.029) after stretching. In terms of maintaining the duration of flexibility, the P40 with TT and P10 with TT groups were superior to the P40 and P10 groups.ConclusionPNF stretching at low intensity, approaching 40% of MVIC, led to more flexibility than 10% MVIC. Additionally, standing toe touch after PNF stretching is recommended to develop and maintain hamstring flexibility. |
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| Keywords: | Flexibility Hamstring muscles Low-intensity Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching Toe touch |
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