Theileria annulata sporozoite targets

Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) infected in vitro with Theileria annulata sporozoites have previously been characterized as MHC class II⁺ mature macrophages. The ability of T. annulata sporozoites to infect different subpopulations of MHC class II⁺ bovine monocytes was investigated. Cells were labelled with monocyte specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and isolated using magnetic cell sorting (MACS). Sporozoites infected both immature and mature monocytes, but more readily infected the mature population. A potential ligand for sporozoite entry is the elastin receptor which is expressed mainly on the immature population of monocytes and not on B cells or T cells. T. annulata sporozoites infected elastin receptor positive and negative cell populations equally well. Infected immature cells lost the expresstion of elastin receptors and the immature marker, subsequently expressing the mature marker. All monocytes lost the expression of CD14 (the LPS receptor) upon infection with sporozoites. The infection of specific populations and subsequent alterations in phenotype may alter the function of these cells and play an important role in disease pathogenesis.