IL-1及VEGF在大鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中的免疫组织化学表达

目的：探讨白细胞介素1（IL-1）及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达变化与损伤时间的关系，以期为法医病理学皮肤损伤时间判定提供有效的免疫组织化学指标。方法：51只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为17组(每组3只)，随机选取13组大鼠背部皮肤行切割创，在伤后不同时间(5、10、30 min及1、3、5、7、9和12 h以及1、3、5和7 d)处死大鼠作为生前损伤组；另取3组大鼠，脱颈处死后5、10及30 min在背部行切割创，作为死后伤对照组；取余下1组大鼠背部皮肤作为正常对照组。应用免疫组织化学技术，检测生前损伤组、死后伤对照组和正常对照组大鼠不同损伤时间的生前伤、死后伤及正常皮肤组织中IL-1及VEGF的表达变化。结果：在生前损伤组，IL-1于伤后30 min，即在上皮组织和肉芽组织（巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞）中呈阳性表达，并持续至伤后5 d，IL-1阳性细胞率在损伤后3 h内较低，伤后5 h达到峰值（49.87%±3.42%），随后有所下降，但伤后3 d达第2次峰值（47.56%±7.52%），而后逐渐恢复至正常水平；VEGF于损伤后３ h在表皮组织中呈阳性表达，且持续至伤后10 d。死后伤对照组与正常对照组IL-1及VEGF的表达比较，差异均无显著性（P>0.05）。结论：VEGF和IL-1随损伤时间变化呈规律性表达，VEGF和IL-1可作为法医学皮肤损伤时间判定的有效指标。

Immunohistochemical expressions of IL-1 and VEGF in healing process of incised skin wounds in rats

Objective To investigate the immunohistochemical exprssions of IL-1 and VEGF in wound healing process for possible application in determination of incised wound age.Methods Fifty one male SD rats were divided into 17 groups at random,the rat back skin in thirteen groups was incised,then the rats of these groups were sacraficed for different interval(5,10,30 min and 1,3,5,7,9,12 h and 1,3,5, 7 d);another three groups were used as postmortem control,the incisition wound was performed at 5,10,30 after the rat were sacraficed,rat skin from the group without any additional treatment was used as normal control.Immunohistochemical study on the expressions of IL-1 and VEGF were performed on rats skin incised wounds and postmortem incised wounds,and the normal rat skin.Results In antermortem skin incisions,the positive stain of IL-1 was found as early as 0.5 h after incised and lasted till 5 d in epithelial and macrophages of granullation tissue,the rate of IL-1 positive cells was low in the wound specimens in 3 h,and maximized in the wound specimens at 5 h(49.87%±3.42%)and 5 d(47.56%±7.52%),then the rate decreased to norml.The positive expression of VEGF was found at 3 h after incision and lasted till 10 d.There were no changes of VEGF and IL-1 in the postmortem incised group compared with normal control group.Conclusion The immunohistochemical expressions of VEGF and IL-1 change regularly according to different wound time,VEGF and IL-1 are considered as potentially useful markers for wound time determination in forensic practice.