艾滋病患者临终关怀工作模式和机制研究

摘要：目的　探索红十字会系统如何落实国务院艾滋病防治工作委员部门职责规定，深入开展艾滋病患者
临终关怀工作。方法　中国红十字会总会组建专家组，制定了调研计划，统一开发指导手册，在广西壮族
自治区南宁市、宁夏回族自治区银川市、四川省德昌县和资中县，四个点开展临终关怀试点和调研工作。
结果　共有１３６２人接受了调查，对７５ 例艾滋病患者接受临终关怀和照护。患者在接受过临终关怀服务
后，精神状态有了明显的改善，对死亡的恐惧感有所下降，心态也变得轻松舒缓。患者及家属通过本次临
终关怀服务，对临终关怀及其理念有了更深的了解，对为其提供临终关怀服务的医务人员及志愿者们深表
感激。结论　我国开展艾滋病患者临终关怀工作十分必要；红十字会系统开展艾滋病患者临终关怀工作可
行；红十字会系统开展艾滋病患者临终关怀工作具有独特优势，并已经积累了初步经验。建议在艾滋病防
治领域专项开展艾滋病患者临终关怀项目；红十字会系统全面参与，并协调多部门、社会组织、志愿者开
展艾滋病患者临终关怀工作；采取先试点，再推广的原则，在我国逐步推广艾滋病患者临终关怀服务。通
过宣传向大众普及死亡教育，同时告知社会，红十字会专项开展对艾滋病患者的临终关怀工作，待时机成
熟，建立专项基金，为爱心人士搭建捐助平台，为该项工作可持续发展奠定基础。
关键词：艾滋病；患者；临终关怀；模式和机制
中图分类号：Ｒ５１２．９１　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０５ ０４２３ ０３

Research on hospice work model of AIDS patients and its mechanism

Objective To explore the work model for AIDS hospice care performed by Red Cross. MethodsA group of experts was organized by China Red Cross and a study plan was outlined and hospice care was piloted in four places of Nanning City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Yinchuan City in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Dechang County and Zizhong County in Sichuan Province. Results 1 362 individuals were surveyed,and 80 AIDS patients received hospice care.After the hospice care,the mood of patients improved obviously,the fear of death decreased and they became more relaxed.Patients and their family members knew more about hospice care and its concept.They were so grateful to those who offered the service. Conclusions It is necessary to carry out hospice care service for AIDS patients,China Red Cross is able to offer this service with experience and unique advantage.