Lower-Order Pain-Related Constructs Are More Predictive of Cold Pressor Pain Ratings than Higher-Order Personality Traits |
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| Authors: | Jennifer E Lee David Watson Laura A Frey Law |
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| Institution: | 1. Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;2. Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;1. Truven Health Analytics, Bethesda, MD;2. Sanofi US, Bridgewater, NJ;3. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY;4. Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY;5. Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;6. Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;1. Institute of Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany;2. Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany;1. Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;3. ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, and College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA;4. Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA;5. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;1. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;2. Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;1. Sakarya University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Sakarya, Turkey;2. Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Izmir, Turkey;3. Kirazdag? Primary School, Derepazar?, Rize, Turkey;4. Bartin University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Bart?n, Turkey;5. Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Pain is a debilitating condition affecting millions each year, yet what predisposes certain individuals to be more sensitive to pain remains relatively unknown. Several psychological factors have been associated with pain perception, but the structural relations between multiple higher- and lower-order constructs and pain are not well understood. Thus, we aimed to examine the associations between pain perception using the cold pressor task (CPT), higher-order personality traits (neuroticism, negative affectivity, trait anxiety, extraversion, positive affectivity, psychoticism), and lower-order pain-related psychological constructs (pain catastrophizing pre- and post-], fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, somatosensory amplification, hypochondriasis) in 66 pain-free adults. Factor analysis revealed 3 latent psychological variables: pain- or body-sensitivity, negative affect/neuroticism, and positive affect/extraversion. Similarly, pain responses factored into 3 domains: intensity, quality, and tolerance. Regression and correlation analyses demonstrated that: 1) all the lower-order pain constructs (fear, catastrophizing, and hypochondriasis) are related through a single underlying latent factor that is partially related to the higher-order negative-valence personality traits; 2) pain- or body-sensitivity was more strongly predictive of pain quality than higher-order traits; and 3) the form of pain assessment is important—only qualitative pain ratings were significantly predicted by the psychological factors.PerspectiveConsistent with the biopsychosocial model, these results suggest multiple pain-related psychological measures likely assess a common underlying factor, which is more predictive of qualitative than intensity pain ratings. This information may be useful for the development and advancement of pain assessments and treatments while considering the multidimensional nature of pain. |
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