Alzheimer's disease: Visual system review |
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| Authors: | Denise A Valenti |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;2. Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;3. Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;4. Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China;1. The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA;2. Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA;3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA;4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA;5. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA;6. Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;7. Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA;1. Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer''s Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;2. Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;3. Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA;4. Department of Communications Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;1. Department of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;2. New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;3. Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile;4. Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;1. Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Italy;2. Psychogeriatrics Lectorate, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands;3. Leiden University, The Netherlands;4. Lega del Filo d’Oro Research Center, Molfetta, Italy;5. Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy;1. Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;2. Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;3. Centre for Hearing and Vision Research, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;4. Vision Science Centre, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom;5. Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;6. Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom;7. Department of Eye and Vision Science and Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundTen million baby boomers in the United States will get Alzheimer's disease. Optometrists can benefit from understanding the impact the Alzheimer's disease process has on the visual system. This can result in more effective management of the condition and in more effective communication with members of the Alzheimer's disease multidisciplinary team.MethodsThis is a review of the literature but by no means a completely exhaustive review. Alzheimer's disease is a complex disease. A rapidly expanding body of knowledge covers multiple disciplines.ResultsThe visual system shows deficits early in the degenerative process of Alzheimer's disease. Biomarkers through the visual system such as nerve fiber deficits, lens opacities, and functional losses in the magnocellular pathway, such as contrast sensitivity and temporal processing, may prove to not only help detect Alzheimer's disease early but also detect it before there are the classic cognitive and memory losses.ConclusionsThe effects of Alzheimer's disease are devastating. Optometrists, as primary care clinicians, can make critical contributions in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of this neurodegenerative disease. |
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