N-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid therapy improves endothelial function and affects adiponectin and resistin balance in the first month after myocardial infarction

Introduction

N-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) exert clinical beneficial effects in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, their exact mechanisms of action are not well recognized yet. Our aim was to evaluate effects of early introduced n-3 PUFA supplementation on endothelial function and serum adipokine concentrations in patients with AMI.

Material and methods

Thirty-eight patients with AMI and successful coronary stent implantation were randomized to the study group (PUFA group: n = 19; standard therapy + PUFA 1 g daily) and the control group (control group: n = 19; standard therapy). The study group patients were given n-3 PUFA (Omacor 1 g daily) starting from the 3^rd day of AMI. Ultrasound vascular indexes (flow-mediated dilatation [FMD], nitroglycerine-mediated dilation [NMD]) and serum concentrations of adiponectin and resistin (ELISA) were evaluated before and after 30 days of pharmacotherapy.

Results

Comparison of the mean delta values (baseline/after 30 days of therapy) between groups revealed significant differences for delta FMD (PUFA 7.6 ±12.4% vs. control –1.7 ±10.5%, p = 0.019) and delta resistin concentrations (PUFA 1.0 ±3.8pg/ml vs. control –1.6 ±2.9pg/ml, p = 0.028). Multiple linear regression analysis for all subjects revealed the n-3 PUFA supplementation (r = 10.933, p = 0.004) and waist circumference (r = –0.467, p = 0.01) as independent factors associated with delta FMD values (R-adjusted 0.29; p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Early and short-term n-3 PUFA supplementation in AMI with successful primary PCI and optimal pharmacotherapy improves endothelial function. However, increased resistin serum levels observed after 1-month n-3 PUFA supplementation merits further investigations.