Clinical impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thick (>4 mm) melanomas

Background

The role of sentinel lymph node status (SLNS) in thick melanoma is evolving. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of SLNS in thick melanoma.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 120 prospectively collected clinically node-negative thick melanomas over 5 years was performed. Patient (age/sex) and tumor (thickness, ulceration, SLNS, mitoses, metastases, and recurrence) features were collected. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Factors predictive of positive SLN included male sex, ulceration, and high mitoses. Factors associated with positive SLN had higher local–regional recurrence and metastases than negative SLN. SLNS and tumor thickness impacted 5-year disease–free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Positive SLN, ulceration, age, and mitoses were independent predictors of DFS/OS.

Conclusions

Nonulcerated/lower mitoses thick melanomas had lower positive SLN rates. Positive SLN develop recurrence and metastases and have worse OS/DFS. SLNS is an important prognosticator for OS/DFS. Sentinel lymph node biopsy delineates prognostic groups in thick melanomas and can impact management.