Acute and Chronic Effects of Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (PFBS) on the Mallard and Northern Bobwhite Quail |
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| Authors: | J L Newsted Susan A Beach S P Gallagher J P Giesy |
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| Institution: | (1) ENTRIX, Inc., 4295 Okemos Road, Suite 101, Okemos, MI 48864, USA;(2) Environmental Laboratory, 3M Company, Maplewood, MN, 55144, USA;(3) Wildlife International, Ltd., Easton, MD 21601, USA;(4) Department Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;(5) Department of Zoology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;(6) Biology and Chemistry Department, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China |
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| Abstract: | Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) can be a final degradation product of perfluorobutane sulfonyl fluoride (PBSF)-based chemicals.
Surfactants based on this chemistry are potential replacements for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-related products and have
many potential applications in industrial and commercial processes and applications. To evaluate the potential hazard that
PFBS may pose to avian species, acute dietary studies with juvenile mallards and northern bobwhite quail, as well as a quail
dietary chronic study of reproduction were conducted. In the acute studies, 10-day-old mallards and quail were exposed to
nominal dietary concentrations of 1,000, 1,780, 3,160, 5,620 or 10,000 mg PFBS/kg feed, wet weight (ww) for 5 days and the
birds were then fed an untreated diet and observed for up to 17 days. No treatment-related mortalities were observed in the
study up to 10,000 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed. Body weight gains of quail exposed to 5620 or 10,000 mg PFBS/kg feed were statistically
less than that of unexposed controls. Weight gain of mallards exposed to 10,000 mg PFBS/kg feed was statistically less than
that of controls. There were no statistically significant effects on feed consumption of either species. In the acute studies,
no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) for mallards and quail were 5620 and 3160 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed, respectively.
In a reproduction study, adult quail were exposed to nominal dietary concentrations of 100, 300, or 900 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed
for up to 21 weeks. There were no treatment-related mortalities or effects on body weight, weight gain, feed consumption,
histopathology measures, or reproductive parameters evaluated in the study when compared to the control group. Concentrations
of PFBS in blood serum, liver, and eggs were dose-dependent but were less than the administered dose, indicating biodiminution.
Based on the results from the quail reproduction study, the dietary NOAEC was 900 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed (equivalent to an ADI
of 87.8 mg PFBS/kg bw/d). |
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