医护人员心理健康状况及应对方式的调查分析

目的探讨医护人员的心理健康状况、心理问题的主要类型以及应对方式对心理健康的影响。方法本次调查采取方便取样方法,在2008年11月～2009年1月期间对石家庄市4所三级甲等医院正常在岗、无精神疾病的健康医护人员进行问卷调查。所采用的调查问卷包括:1一般情况问卷;2症状自评量表(SCL-90);3应对方式问卷。结果在331份有效问卷中88名(占26.59%)医护人员症状自评量表SCL-90总分≥200分和/或至少1个因子平均分≥3。医护人员在躯体化(P0.01)、强迫(P0.01)、人际敏感(P0.01)、抑郁(P0.01)、焦虑(P0.01)、敌对(P0.05)等项目的得分高于全国常模,差异具有统计学显著性意义。其中护士组躯体化的得分高于医生组(P0.01),敌对的得分低于医生组(P0.05)。不同科室医护人员之间的比较发现,急诊科医护人员在躯体化(P0.05)、强迫(P0.05)和敌对(P0.05)得分上高于其他科室;内科医护人员在抑郁(P0.05)和焦虑(P0.05)得分上高于其他科室。应对方式问卷的调查发现,医护人员最常使用的应对方式是解决问题(8.50±2.13)和求助(4.76±1.79),都属于积极的应对方式。不同岗位、性别、科室医护人员在使用应对方式上没有显著性差异(P0.05)。自责和退避与SCL-90总分呈正相关,解决问题与SCL-90总分呈负相关。结论被调查医护人员总体心理健康状况低于普通人群,不同科室的医护人员心理健康状况存在差别;医护人员通常采用解决问题和求助的积极应对方式。

Study on Mental Health and Coping Style of Medical Staffs

Objective To explore the mental health states of medical staffs,the main types of psychological problems as well as the influence of coping styles to mental health. Methods A total of 357 questionnaires were handed out to medical staffs who worked at hospital without mental diseases in 4 third grade of first-cla hospitals from Nov. 2008 to Jan. 2009 and 331 questionnaires were recovered by adopting Handy sampling methods. Three questionnaires were adopted in the study：①General condition questionnaire;②Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）;③Coping style questionnaire. Results In 331 questionnaires, 88（26.59%） medical staffs had got SCL--90 total score≥200 and/or at least 1 factor score ≥ which were regarded as having mental health problems. Medical staffs had got more problems in somatization （P〈0. 01） ,obsessive-compulsive （P〈0.01）, interpersonal sensitivity （P〈0. 01）, depression （P〈0. 01）, anxiety （P〈0. 01） and hostility （P〈0. 05）, which was higher than the national average. There were statistical differences between them. Comparing the SCL-90 scores in different factors between doctors and nurses, we could find that nurses got a higher score in somatization （P〈0.01） and a lower score in hostility （P〈0.05） than doctors. There were statistical differences between them. Comparing with the different departments, we found doctors and nurses in emergency department had got a higher somatization （P〈0.05）, obsessive-compulsive （P〈0.05） and hostility （P〈0.05） score than their colleague in other departments,doctors and nurses medical staffs in medical department have got a higher depression （P〈0. 05） and anxiety （P〈0. 05） score than their colleague in other departments. In the coping style questionnaire, we found that the coping styles were problem solving （8.50±2. 13） and resort （4. 76±1. 79）, which both were positive coping styles. There were no significant differences of coping styles in post, gender and departments （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The doctors and nurses being investigated had a rather poor mental health level as a whole. Mental health states of medical staffs in different departments were different. Medical staffs usually adopted positive coping style of problem solving and resorting.