偏远山区教师心理健康状态调查

背景:长期工作于偏远山区的小学教师,由于环境和条件等因素会对其心理健康产生影响。目的:分析山区教师心理健康现状,以寻找对策提高山区教师心理健康水平。设计:以偏远山区教师为观察对象的随机抽样问卷调查。单位:忻州师范学院教育系。对象:于2003-12/2004-02在山西省的五台、神池、河曲等七个县市,选取最为偏远山区的28所学校随机抽取教师182名作为调查对象。方法:采用症状自评量表进行山区教师心理健康状况的测评。症状自评量表由90个项目组成,包涵躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、抑郁、敌意、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子。采用5级评分(1从无,2轻度,3中度,4相当重,5严重)。评估标准:因子分≥2分者即有轻度症状者;只要有1个因子得分≥3分者,则被视为可能有中度以上心理问题。主要统计指标为9个因子评分,中度痛苦水平因子检出率(因子分≥3),阳性项目数(因子分≥2分)。并与国内常模进行比较。主要观察指标:山区男女教师和不同年龄教师的心理健康水平状况。结果:发放问卷182份,收回合格问卷146份,有效率80.2%。①心理问题总检出率为51.7%,其中男教师为48.8%,女教师为53.3%。有中度以上心理问题者占6.1%,其中男教师为1.4%,女教师为4.8%。各种心理问题在山区教师中的检出率为2.1%～12.3%,按检出率由高到低排列依次为强迫症,焦虑,人际敏感,抑郁,躯体化,精神病性,偏执,恐怖,敌意。②山区教师症状自评量表的总分和总均分明显高于常模,阳性项目数相对于常模较低,但阳性项目的平均分却明显高于常模。说明山区教师的心理健康水平在总体上差于国内正常人群。③山区教师在症状自评量表所有因子的得分上均明显高于国内正常人群的水平,差异均有显著性(P≤0.01)。④山区女教师的阳性项目数、阳性项目均分都高于男教师。女教师在人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑因子上得分都高于男教师,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。⑤≥30岁的教师阳性项目均分、躯体化、恐怖等因子的得分高于30岁以下的教师,差异有显著性(P≤0.01)。结论:山区教师心理问题检出率较高,集中表现在强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、抑郁、躯体化等方面。山区教师症状自评量表总分、总均分、阳性项目平均分以及各因子得分均明显高于国内正常人群。女教师心理问题发生率高于男教师。30岁以上的教师心理健康水平较差。

An investigation on the mental health of teachers in remote mountain areas

BACKGROUND: The mental health of primary school teachers who have been working in remote mountain areas for a long time can be affected by the environment and conditions there.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the present mental health of mountain-area teachers to seek countermeasures of raising their mental health level.DESIGN: An investigation of random sampling questionnaires was carried out with the primary school teachers in remote mountain areas as observational subjects.SETTING: Department of Education, Xinzhou Teachers' Training Institute.PARTICIPANTS: From December 2003 to February 2004, 182 teachers who were randomly sampled from the 28 most remote mountain schools selected from seven counties and cities such as Wutai, Shenchi and Hequ in Shanxi Province, were selected as investigation subjects.METHODS: The self-assessed/measured symptom scale was used to assess the mental health of mountain area teachers. The scale was made up of 90 items, including 9 factors such as somatic disorder, obsessive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression, hostility, horror, paranoia,and psychoticism. There were 5 scaling levels: 1 shows 'never', 2 shows'mild', 3 shows 'moderate', 4 shows 'rather serious' and 5 shows 'severe'. Evaluation standard: If the factor score ≥ 2, they had mild symptoms; if any factor score ≥ 3, they were regarded as probably having mental problems above moderate degree. The major statistical indexes were the 9 factor scores, detection rate of moderate pain (factor score ≥ 3) and positive item number (factor score ≥ 2), all of which were compared with the national normal norm.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mental health of male/female teachers and teachers of different ages in mountain areas.RESULTS: Totally 182 copies of questionnaire were distributed, and 146of them were collected, with an effective rate of 80.2%. ① The total detection rate of psychological problems was 51.7%, in which male teachers made up 48.8% while female teachers 53.3%. Those with psychological problems above moderate level constituted 6.1%, of which male teachers held 1.4% and female teachers held 4.8%. The detection rate of each psychological problem among teachers of mountain areas ranged from2.1% to 12.3%. The symptoms ranked in detection rate from high to low were obsessive disorder, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, somatic symptom, psychoticism, paranoia, horror and hostility. ② The total score and total average score of self-assessed/measured symptom inventory of mountain area teachers were obviously higher than those of the normal norm. The number of positive items was smaller than that of the normal norm, but the average score of positive items was obviously higher than that of the normal norm. It showed that the level of mental health of mountain area teachers was generally lower than that of normal population in the nation. ③ All the factor scores on the self-assessed/measured symptom inventory of mountain area teachers were obviously higher than the level of national normal population (P ≤ 0.01). ④The number and average score of positive items of mountain area female teachers were higher than those of the male teachers. The factor scores on interpersonal sensitivity, depression and anxiety of the female teachers were higher than those of the male teachers with significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). ⑤The average score of positive items and the score of the factors such as somatic symptom and horror of the teachers aged ≥ 30 years old were significantly higher than those of the teachers aged under 30 years old (P≤ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The detection rate of psychological problems of mountain area teachers was relatively higher, which were mainly presented as obsessive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom. On the self-assessed/measured symptom inventory of the mountain area teachers, the total score, the total average score, the average score of positive items and the score of each factor were obviously higher than those of the national normal population. The incidence rate of psychological problems of the female teachers was higherthan that of the male teachers. The mental health leve1 of teachers aged 30 years old or above was relatively lower.