遗传性核性金黄色结晶样白内障患者γ晶状体蛋白基因错义突变

目的确定中国北方常染色体显性遗传性白内障（ADCC）-家系的致病基因。方法收集ADCC-家系资料,提取血液白细胞DNA,运用微卫星位点多态性连锁分析,对提示连锁的染色体区域内的候选基因测序,寻找突变。结果该家系致病基因定位在2q33．3-34区域内,对其候选基因γ晶体蛋白基因簇各基因进行测序,发现γD晶体蛋白基因第二外显子有一个杂合子的错义突变（109C→A）与家系患者共分离,此突变可导致其编码的第36位精氨酸被丝氨酸取代。结论此γ晶体蛋白基因突变引起该家系核性结晶样先天性白内障,是由1D晶体蛋白基因109C→A（R36S）突变引起的。（中华腰群杂志,2006,42：913—917）

Autosomal dominant congenital golden crystal nuclear cataract caused by a missense mutation in gammaD crystallin gene (CRYGD) in a Chinese family

OBJECTIVE: To identify genetic defects associated with autosomal dominant congenital golden crystal nuclear cataract (ADCC) in a Chinese pedigree of northern China. METHODS: Clinical data were collected and the lens changes of the affected members in this family were recorded by slit lamp photography. Genomic DNA was obtained from blood leucocytes. Linkage analyses was conducted using polymorphisms of 21 microsatellite markers and mutational analyses of candidate genes was studied by direct sequencing. RESULTS: The maximum LOD score (1.505 at recombination fraction theta = 0.00) was obtained at markers D2S1782, D2S1384 and D2S1385 near the gamma-crystallin gene (CRYG) cluster within 2q33 - q35. Sequencing analysis of the coding regions of the CRYGA. B, C, and D genes showed that the there was a heterozygous C-->A transversion at position 109 (R36S) in exon 2 of CRYGD gene, which was co-segregated with the affected members. CONCLUSIONS: R36S mutation in CRYGD gene results in an ADCC phenotype that is different from previous reports. This finding indicates that the presence of phenotypic heterogeneity of cataract, especially in different races. This is the first report of congenital cataract caused by R36S mutation in CRYGD gene.