Increased Risk for Substance Use-Related Problems in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study |
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| Authors: | Agnieszka Butwicka Niklas Långström Henrik Larsson Sebastian Lundström Eva Serlachius Catarina Almqvist Louise Frisén Paul Lichtenstein |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MEB,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden;2.Department of Child Psychiatry,Medical University of Warsaw,Warsaw,Poland;3.Department of Neuroscience,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden;4.Department of Medical Sciences,?rebro University,?rebro,Sweden;5.Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM),University of Gothenburg,M?lndal,Sweden;6.Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre,University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg,Sweden;7.Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden;8.Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Stockholm County Council,Stockholm,Sweden;9.Lung and Allergy Unit,Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital,Stockholm,Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Despite limited and ambiguous empirical data, substance use-related problems have been assumed to be rare among patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Using Swedish population-based registers we identified 26,986 individuals diagnosed with ASD during 1973–2009, and their 96,557 non-ASD relatives. ASD, without diagnosed comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or intellectual disability, was related to a doubled risk of substance use-related problems. The risk of substance use-related problems was the highest among individuals with ASD and ADHD. Further, risks of substance use-related problems were increased among full siblings of ASD probands, half-siblings and parents. We conclude that ASD is a risk factor for substance use-related problems. The elevated risks among relatives of probands with ASD suggest shared familial (genetic and/or shared environmental) liability. |
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