湖南省人群高血压流行特征及认知行为的调查研究

目的了解社区人群高血压流行水平、分布特征及变化趋势 ,分析高血压患者的高血压知识、治疗与控制现状 ,为社区人群高血压的预防控制提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样法 ,抽取长沙城区与岳阳农村 15岁以上的人群进行调查 ,共调查 6 6 6 5人。结果湖南省城乡居民高血压总患病率为 17.6 0 % ,其中城市 2 5 .88% ,农村为 12 .0 0 %。高血压患病率在性别上的差异发生在 4 5岁以前 ,男性高于女性。教师、医护人员、行政干部高血压患病率为最高。肥胖者患高血压的危险性是非肥胖者的 2 .95～ 8.2 8倍。 2 0 0 1年高血压标化率较 10年前上升了 73% ,上升速度最快的是 4 5岁以下的人群。高血压患者的高血压知识知晓率、治疗与控制率分别为 2 2 .4 5 %、2 3.32 %与 17.84 % ,农村低于城市。结论湖南省社区人群高血压患病率高、上升速度快、高血压知识匮乏、治疗与控制率低的现状已对居民健康构成威胁。因此 ,应采取相应的干预措施预防控制高血压 ,减少心脑血管病的发生。

Investigation on Awareness Behavior of the Hypertensive and Epidemiological Characteristic of Hypertension among Community Population in Hunan Province

Objective To understand the current status and distribution characteristics as well as long-range trend of hypertension in community population.To analyze the hypertensive's knowledge levels on hypertension,their treatment and control status.Methods A total of 6 665 subjects aged 15 years and over in urban districts of Changsha and rural areas of Yueyang were selected with the multistage sampling method. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 17.60% in Hunan Province.The prevalence of the urban population and the rural areas were 25.88% and 12.00% respectively.The prevalence for males under 45 was significantly higher than that of the females.The prevalence rates of the teachers,medical staffs and administrators were ranked the top of the list.Obesity was an important risk factor for hypertension,its odds ratio was 2.95 to 8.28. The standardized rate of hypertension in 2001 increased 73% comparing with that of 10 years ago.The awareness,treatment and control rates were 22.45%,23.32% and 17.84% respectively,in which the rates of the rural area were all lower than those of the urban area. Conclusion The high prevalence,fast-rising speed,poor knowledge,low treatment and control rate of hypertension have posed a threat to health of the population in Hunan Province. Corresponding intervention measures should be taken to control the hypertension and reduce the occurrence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease.