深圳市郊区印鼠客蚤分布的调查

目的了解印鼠客蚤在月份和鼠种的分布,为深圳市灭蚤预防鼠疫提供依据。方法2007年1-12月在龙岗区坂田街道每月布笼捕鼠15-20只,调查鼠密度、染蚤率和印鼠客蚤指数,用x2比较不同鼠种染蚤率的差异显著性。结果共获鼠2种185只,其中褐家鼠170只和黄胸鼠15只,笼捕法测得鼠密度为12%。鼠类雌雄性比为1:1.20,成幼比为2.2:1。从诱捕的185只活鼠体表采集到298只蚤,只有印鼠客蚤1个种,蚤类雌雄性比为1:0.95。褐家鼠和黄胸鼠染蚤率分别为41.12%(70/170)和26.67%(4/15),差异没有统计意义。家鼠染蚤率最大值为63%,出现在3月份,最小值为19%在6月份,家鼠平均染蚤率为40%。印鼠客蚤指数最大值为4.20出现在4月份,最小值为0.25出现在6月份,平均指数为1.61。褐家鼠和黄胸鼠的蚤指数分别是1.67和0.93。结论深圳郊区全年均有印鼠客蚤繁殖,蚤密度随季节而波动,高峰在春季,褐家鼠作为印鼠客蚤的宿主动物比黄胸鼠重要。

Investigation on the Xenopsylla cheopis Distribution in Shenzhen Suburb

Objective To investigate the distribution of Xenopsylla cheopis in different months and species of rat,to provide the guide on prevention of Plague epidemic in Shenzhen.Methods To survey The flea index,the infection rate of flea on rats and the rat density.monthly,15 to 20 rats were entrapped by cages placed in the Bantian Street, Longgang District from January to December 2007.The significant difference of infection rate of flea among species of rat was compared by x2 test.Results One hundred and eighty five rats entrapped belonged to two species.in which 170 rats were R.norvegicus and the other 15 were R.flavipectus.The average rat density was 12%.The sex ratio(F:M) of rats was1:1.20,and the ratio of adult to young rats was 2.2:1.Two hundred and ninety eight fleas collected from the 185 live rats were identified to one species,Xenopisylla cheopis.The sex ratio(F:M) of fleas was1:0.95.The infection rate of flea on R.norvegicus and R.flavipectus was 41.12% and 26.67% respectively.The difference was significant(x2=17.370,p<0.001).The average infection rate of flea on rats in 2007 was 40%,varying from 19% in June to 63% in April.The flea index varied from 0.25 in June to 4.20 in March,with the average value of 1.61.The flea index of R.norvegicus and R.flavipectus was 1.67 and 0.93 respectively.Conclusion Xenopisylla cheopis propagated continuously in Shenzhen suburb.The density of flea fluctuated with seasons with the peak in spring.R.norvegicus was more important than R.flavipectus as the host of Xenopisylla cheopis.