Cytopathology of lung cancer: moving from morphology to molecular |
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| Authors: | Sara E Monaco |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schoepfstr. 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;2. Department of Database and Information Systems, Institute of Computer Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;3. Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany;4. Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany;5. Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany;6. Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany;7. Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany;8. Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany;1. Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain;2. School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain;3. Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Spain;4. IMIB-Arrixaca and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial–Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People''s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;2. Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;3. Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Ninth People''s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China;1. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil;2. School of Dentistry, Universidade Braz Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil;3. Smoking Cessation Program, Area of Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Fourth Military Medical University, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xi’an, China;2. Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, Department of Breast Cancer Center, Xi’an, China;3. Fourth Military Medical University, Tangdu Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Xi’an, China;4. Xuzhou Medical University, Huaihai Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China;5. Second Military Medical University, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Department of Radioactive Intervention, Shanghai, China;6. PLA 451 Hospital, Xi’an, China;7. The General Hospital of PLA, Department of General Surgery, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | The recent discovery and availability of new targeted therapies for lung cancer has presented new challenges to pathologists. Since many lung cancers are diagnosed by aspiration or exfoliative cytology specimens in the primary or metastatic setting, these new therapies have had an impact on the practice of respiratory cytopathology. In particular, accurate subclassification of non-small cell carcinomas and acquisition of sufficient material for molecular studies is crucial. Balancing the need of adequate material for accurate diagnosis with the demands of clinicians to do more with less tissue has been a challenge and continues to impact the way lung cancers are approached in cytopathology. This review focuses on the changes and impact of the molecular era on the diagnosis of lung cancer in cytopathology. |
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