Erectile Dysfunction Is Not Independently Associated with Cardiovascular Death: Data from the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) Study |
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| Authors: | James M. Hotaling Thomas J. Walsh Liam Connor Macleod Susan Heckbert Gaia Pocobelli Hunter Wessells Emily White |
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| Affiliation: | 2. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA;2. Center for Sexual Medicine at Sheppard Pratt, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. New England Research Institutes, Inc, Watertown, MA, USA;4. Pykonsult LLC, New Fairfield, CT, USA;2. Department of Urology, University “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;2. Department of Psychology, Sex and Couple Therapy Service, McGill University Health Center (Royal Victoria Hospital), Montreal, QC, Canada;3. Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de l''Université de Montréal (Hôpital Sainte‐Justine), Montreal, QC, Canada;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l''Université de Montréal (Hôpital Sainte‐Justine), Montreal, QC, Canada;5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada;2. Centre for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China;3. Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China;4. Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant problem among aging men. ED is independently associated with cardiovascular (CV) events (angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke).AimWe sought to determine if ED was associated with CV death.Main Outcome MeasuresRisk of CV death in men with ED.MethodsExactly 31,296 men in Washington aged 50–76 completed a questionnaire in 2000–2002 on supplements, diet, exercise, personal health, and ED. ED was determined by one question: “Have you experienced impotence in the last year?” We excluded patients with a history of coronary artery disease or stroke. Participants linked yearly through 2008 to the Washington State Death Certificate System. CV death was defined by death certificates listing CV‐related deaths (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision [ICD‐10] codes: I00‐I15, I20‐I52, and I60‐I99). We performed multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for age, marital status, race, education, self‐rating of health, body mass index (BMI), antihypertensive/lipid‐lowering drug use, diabetes, family history of CV disease, smoking, and exercise.ResultsAbout 7,762 men had ED and there were 486 CV deaths over 7.8‐year average follow‐up. The typical man who suffered CV death was older, single, reporting poor health, taking antihypertensives, higher BMI, a smoker, a diabetic, and had a family history of CV disease. When adjusting for age, marital status, and education only, men with ED had a 23% increased risk of CV death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01, 1.49). With further adjustment for known risk factors for CV disease (diabetes, treatment for hypertension or hyperlipidemia, family history of myocardial infarction/stroke, BMI, and exercise), ED no longer predicted CV death (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.76, 1.15).ConclusionsIn this community‐based cohort, ED was not independently associated with an elevated risk of CV death. These data do not contradict prior data associating ED and CV events but rather suggest that ED may be a manifestation of other known risk factors for CV disease. Hotaling JM, Walsh TJ, Macleod LC, Heckbert S, Pocobelli G, Wessells H, and White E. Erectile dysfunction is not independently associated with cardiovascular death: Data from the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) study. J Sex Med 2012;9:2104–2110. |
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