腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗儿童肾积水并肾外伤6例

目的探讨腹腔镜肾盂成形术处理儿童肾积水并肾外伤的可行性及注意事项。方法总结郑州大学第一附属医院小儿外科2016年8月至2019年8月收治的肾积水并肾外伤患儿6例临床资料,年龄5~11岁,平均年龄7岁,外伤时间为1~4 d,均表现为患侧肾区疼痛,其中血尿4例,肾盂前后径均在25 mm以上,均予腹腔镜肾盂成形术并肾破裂修补术,术中留置输尿管内支架管、腹腔引流管和导尿管。结果患儿手术均顺利完成,均无输血,无中转开放手术,手术时间2.5~3.5 h,术中发现肾下极前方损伤2例,肾下极外后方受损4例,5例出现肾皮质肾盂破裂,1例为肾皮质破裂合并包膜下积血,术后肾周引流管3~5 d拔除,导尿管7~10 d拔除,输尿管内支架6~8周拔除,患儿均恢复顺利,积水均减轻,肾小球滤过率和分肾功能提高。结论腹腔镜一期肾盂成形术治疗儿童肾积水并肾外伤安全有效,儿童肾外伤多发于肾脏下极,外伤后如积水加重、症状持续不缓解等需尽早手术,术中可同时修补肾实质破裂区域。对于三级肾损伤术中出血需要贯穿缝合肾实质,清除坏死组织,方可达到止血效果。

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for 6 children with hydronephrosis combined with renal trauma

Objective To explore the feasibility and precautions of laparoscopic pyeloplasty for children with hydronephrosis combined with renal trauma.Methods The clinical data of 6 cases with hydronephrosis and renal trauma admitted to the Department of Pediatric Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2016 to August 2019,aged from 5 to 11 years old(average age 7 years old)were reviewed.These patients had suffered renal trauma for 1 to 4 days.All patients had the symptoms of pain in the affected kidney,and 4 patients had hematuria.The renal pelvis diameter of all patients was more than 25 mm.The patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty and renal rupture repairment,with the ureteral stent,perirenal drainage tube and catheter placed inside the body during the operation.Results All operations were completed successfully without any blood transfusion and open surgery.Intrao-perative time was from 2.5 to 3.5 hours.Two cases had renal parenchymal contusion in the front lower pole of kidneys and 4 cases in the lateral lower pole.Five cases had renal cortex and pelvis rupture,and 1 case had renal cortical fracture and subcapsular hematoncus.After the operation,the perinephric drainage tube was pulled out in 3 to 5 days,the catheter was pulled out in 7 to 10 days,and the ureteral stent was removed in 6 to 8 weeks.All children recovered well and hydronephrosis was ameliorated.The glomerular filtration rates and fractional renal function were all improved.Conclusions One stage laparoscopic pyeloplasty is safe and effective for the treatment of hydronephrosis with renal trauma in children.Renal trauma in children usually occurs at the lower pole of the kidney.Early operation is needed if hydronephrosis is aggravated and symptoms are not relieved after the trauma.Intraoperative impairment of renal parenchymal rupture can be conducted.For intraoperative bleeding in grade 3 renal injury,renal parenchyma suturation and removal of necrotic renal tissue should be adopted to arrest bleeding.