大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞和颅骨成骨细胞在张应力下细胞骨架的改变

目的　探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)和颅骨成骨细胞(OB)在机械张应力刺激下的反应和细胞骨架蛋白F-actin的变化。方法　体外分离培养大鼠骨髓MSCs和颅骨OB,应用四点弯曲加力系统对细胞施加2 000με 的机械张应力,加力时间分别为0 h、2 h、6 h、12 h。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察特异性荧光染料标记的微丝蛋白 F-actin和细胞核,并用图像分析软件对细胞形态学参数进行测量。结果　MSCs和OB荧光强度减弱,F-actin纤维束稀疏,排列紊乱;胞核轮廓模糊,部分细胞可观察到凋亡小体;MSCs体积明显变小,OB体积变化不明显。定量分析表明, MSCs的细胞总面积、总荧光密度、绿色荧光(F-actin)密度均显著降低(P<0·05或P<0·01);OB的总荧光密度、绿色荧光密度和胞核红色荧光密度也显著下降(P<0·05或P<0·01)。结论　机械张应力刺激可引起MSCs和 OB细胞骨架F-actin解聚和重排,部分细胞发生凋亡;MSCs对机械力刺激的反应比OB更敏感。

The Changes of Cytoskeleton F-actin in Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Calvarial Osteoblasts under Mechanical Strain

OBJECTIVE: To explore the response of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs and calvarial osteoblasts to mechanical strain and the consequent changes of cytoskeleton F-actin. METHODS: Bone marrow MSCs and calvarial osteoblasts were isolated from SD rats and cultured in vitro. Mechanical stretch was performed on passage 3 cells at 2 000 microepsilon for 0, 2, 6 and 12 hours using four-point bending system. The response of cells and the distribution of F-actin were observed using fluorescent staining under laser scanning confocal microscope and the morphological parameters were quantified using image analysis software Laserpix. RESULTS: Under mechanical stretch, the fluorescent staining decreased obviously at both MSCs and osteoblasts, and F-actin filaments were rearranged and became tenuous, thinner, and abnormally distributed. The outline of nucleus became unclear and apoptotic changes were observed at some of both cells. Cellular size decreased more significantly in MSCs than in osteoblasts. Quantity analysis showed that total area of cells, total fluorescent density and green fluorescent density (F-actin) were all significantly decreased in MSCs (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and total fluorescent density, green fluorescent density and red fluorescent density (nuclei) did also in osteoblasts (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Mechanical stretch caused extensive response on both MSCs and osteoblasts which led to the rearrangement of F-actin filament and apoptosis in some of these cells. MSCs were more sensitive to mechanical strain than osteoblasts.