血液透析患者对健康教育的认知及需求

目的探讨血液透析患者对健康教育的认知及需求。方法采用自制问卷对170例血液透析患者进行调查,调查内容包括患者的一般情况,对健康教育的态度、认知及需求情况,以及对血液透析相关知识的掌握情况。结果(1)不同学历及透析年限患者在健康教育的需求、要求护士掌握相关知识、了解透析相关知识和健康教育对生活质量影响的认识等方面均存在统计学差异(P<0.05);(2)在10项透析相关知识中,不同学历患者除尿毒症症状和血管通路自我护理2项内容外均有统计学差异,不同透析年限患者除尿毒症症状和营养饮食2项内容外均有统计学差异(P<0.05);(3)医护讲解、示范,听病友的经验介绍以及观看有关录像、光盘是不同文化程度患者均首选的需求方式;但对于图书、手册和宣传栏等健康教育方式,不同学历患者之间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论提高血液透析患者的生存质量必须注重健康教育,护理工作者作为患者健康教育的主要实施者,应根据患者的文化程度和病程等灵活采用不同的教育内容和方式。

Investigation on Recognition and Requirement of Health Education among Patients on Hemodialysis

Objective To investigate the recognition and requirement of health education in the patients on hemodialysis.Methods A total of 170 patients on hemodialysis were investigated using self-designed questionnaire on their attitude,recognition and requirement of health education and their knowledge on hemodialysis.Results(1) There were significant differences in requirement of health education,knowledge essential for nurses,associated knowledge,and influence of health education on quality of life between patients with different academic backgrounds and hemodialysis periods(P<0.05).(2)Patients with different academic backgrounds had different recognitions on 8 of the 10 items of hemodialysis-related knowledge(P<0.05).(3) Learning from the doctors and nurses and other patients,watching video types were the first choice for patients with different academic levels.There were significant differences in reading books,brochures,and propaganda columns among patients with different academic backgrounds(P<0.05).Conclusion It is indicated that health education should be stressed to improve quality of life of patients on hemodialysis.Health education should be further strengthened and deepened.Meanwhile,nurses should play a critical role in this campaign of health education,which should be carried out in different ways according to the academic degrees of patients.