英国和美国社区居家安宁疗护服务模式及其对我国的启示

社区居家安宁疗护服务是安宁疗护服务的重要组成部分，以社区居家安宁疗护服务为中心是安宁疗护服务发展的方向。英国与美国作为开展社区居家安宁疗护服务较早的国家，在社区居家安宁疗护服务的患者准入标准、服务团队与服务内容、经费保障等方面都积累了较为丰富的经验，也建立起了相对健全的社区居家安宁疗护服务体系。我国可适当借鉴英国和美国社区居家安宁疗护服务的发展经验，制定适合我国的社区居家安宁疗护服务的患者准入标准，加强多学科安宁疗护团队建设，将非药物疗法纳入社区居家安宁疗护服务范畴，实行按床日付费的支付方式，使疾病终末期患者能在其熟悉的环境中安详、有尊严地离世，保障其善终权益。

The Model of Community Home-based Hospice Care Delivery in the United Kingdom and the United States and Its Enlightenment to China

Community home-based hospice care service plays an important role in hospice care service. Focusing on community home-based hospice care is the future direction of hospice care service development. As the early countries to develop community home-based hospice care delivery, the United Kingdom and the United States have accumulated rich experience in patient admission standard, service team and content, and funding guarantee of community home-based hospice care delivery, a relatively sound community home-based hospice care delivery system has been established in these two countries. China can appropriately learn from the development experience of community home-based hospice care in the United Kingdom and the United States, in order to formulate the admission standards of community home-based hospice care, strengthen the construction of multidisciplinary hospice care teams, incorporate the non-drug therapy into the scope of community home-based hospice care, implement the payment method of per-diem, so that the patients can die peacefully and dignifiedly in a familiar environment with their hospice rights protected.