外泌体在骨髓间充质干细胞骨向分化及其在牙周再生中的研究进展

外泌体是多种细胞在生理或病理状态下分泌到细胞外的纳米级囊泡，富含蛋白质、核酸、脂质等生物活性物质，是细胞间信息交流传递和物质交换转移的重要介质。研究证实，外泌体可通过蛋白、miRNAs等调控干细胞的增殖、分化，在免疫应答、炎症反应等过程中均发挥重要的调节作用。本文就炎性环境下不同细胞来源的外泌体生物学性能及其在成骨分化中的作用作一综述，以期为牙周炎所致骨缺损的治疗方法提供参考。

Research progress of exosomes in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and in periodontal regeneration

Exosomes are nano vesicles secreted by a variety of cells under physiological or pathological conditions. Rich in bioactive substances such as protein, nucleic acid and lipid, they are an important medium for information exchange and material transfer between cells. Studies have confirmed that exosomes can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells through proteins and miRNAs, and play an important regulatory role in the process of immune response and inflammatory response. This paper reviews the biological properties of exosomes from different cell sources in inflammatory environment and their role in osteogenic differentiation, so as to provide reference for the treatment of bone defect caused by periodontitis.