脑电神经反馈训练在提高工作记忆中应用的研究与挑战

脑电（EEG）神经反馈技术是基于脑科学和行为认知科学发展形成的一种非侵入式、改善大脑功能和结构的训练方法。工作记忆是个体在心理认知活动中保持和加工信息的记忆系统，在人类学习、推理和创造力等高级认知活动中发挥着重要作用。将EEG神经反馈技术应用于工作记忆训练中，能有效提升个体工作记忆绩效，调节个体的精神、情感状态及相关脑区的认知功能。本文以EEG神经反馈技术在工作记忆训练中的应用研究与挑战为综述对象，从EEG神经反馈调控工作记忆的神经信息处理工程、EEG神经反馈作用工作记忆的相关激活脑区、基于EEG神经反馈工作记忆训练的系统构成和训练类型、基于EEG神经反馈的工作记忆训练系统的影响因素，以及对目前相关研究存在的问题和未来研究发展趋势等情况进行全面综述。

Advances and challenges of EEG neurofeedback training in improving working memory

Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback technology is a non-invasive training method based on the development of brain science and behavioral cognitive science to improve brain function and structure. Working memory is a memory system in individuals for maintaining and processing information in psychological cognitive activities, and it plays an important role in human learning, reasoning and creativity and other advanced cognitive activities. Applying EEG neurofeedback technology to working memory training can effectively improve individual working memory performance, regulate individual mental and emotional states, and improve cognitive functions of related brain areas. The researches on the application and challenges of EEG neurofeedback technology in working memory training are included in the study, and a comprehensive review is carried out from the aspects of EEG neurofeedback to regulate the neural information processing engineering of working memory, EEG neurofeedback to activate working memory and related activation brain regions, the system composition and training types of working memory training based on electrical neurofeedback, the influencing factors of the working memory training system based on EEG neurofeedback. Furthermore, the problems existing in current related researches and the development trend of future research are discussed.