彩色超声心动图对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩超对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的诊断价值。方法：180例患有不同程度慢性病患者，按年龄分为三组：〈60岁组（39例），60岁≤年龄〈70岁组（49例），≥70岁（92例），对各组患者进行颈动脉超声检查，观察斑块好发部位、超声特征并进行统计分析。结果：180例中有132例（73．3％）发现动脉粥样硬化斑块，其中硬斑、软斑、扁平斑、溃疡斑的发生率分别为42．1％，33．0％，21。0％，3．9％；有23例（17．4％）发现不同程度的动脉狭窄，随年龄的增长，颈动脉粥样硬化发生率（61．5％比67．3％比87．0％）及血管狭窄的发生率（5．1％比10．2％比17．4％）也随着明显增加（P均〈0．05）。斑块的发生部位依次为颈总动脉分叉处（46．2％）、颈总动脉主干（28．0％）、颈内动脉起始段（21．9％）、颈外动脉（3．9％）。结论：二维及彩色多普勒超声是准确、经济、有效的颈动脉无创性检查方法，能够早期发现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及其硬化程度，有助于动脉粥样硬化的防治。

Diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography in carotid atherosclerosis

Objective： The aim of this study is to explore diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography for carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Methods： A total of 180 cases with different degree of chronic disease were divided into 〈60 years group （group Ⅰ , n = 39）, 60 years≤age〉70 years group （group Ⅱ , n = 49） and ≥70 years group （group Ⅲ, n = 92）. All patients underwent carotid ultrasonography. The predilection sites and ultrasound features of carotid ath- erosclerotic plaques were observed and statistically analyzed. Results： Atherosclerotic plaques were found in 132 ca- ses （73.3%） among the 180 patients, in which the hard plaque, soft plaque, flat plaque, ulcer plaque occupied 42.1%, 33.0%, 21.0%, 3.9% respectively~ and there were 23 cases （17.4%） with different degrees of artery stenosis. As age increased, the incidence rates of carotid atherosclerosis plaque （61.5% vs. 67.3% vs. 87. 0%） and vascular stenosis （5.1% vs. 10.2% vs. 17. 4%） significantly increased in group Ⅰ , Ⅱ, Ⅲrespectively, P〈0.05 all. The predilection sites of plaques were carotid bifuracation （46.2%）, common carotid artery main （28. 0% ）, in- itial segment of internal carotid artery （21.9%） and external carotid artery （3.9%） in order. Conclusion： Two-di- mensional and color Doppler ultrasonography is accurate, cheap, effective and non-invasive measurement method for carotid artery. It can find early carotid atherosclerosis plaque, and may help to prevent and cure of atherosclerosis.