大型汽车制造行业工人粉尘接触情况调查分析

目的了解在新工艺、新技术及实施综合性防尘措施的条件下,大型汽车制造公司工人粉尘接触情况。方法连续6年对广西某机械股份有限公司作业工人接触粉尘浓度进行检测,采用个体采样和定点短时间采样相结合的方法,并测量空气中粉尘游离SiO2含量。结果铸造工艺造型和落砂岗位的粉尘游离SiO2含量最高,平均50%左右。大多数作业工人接触的主要是矽尘,浓度在1.58～7.25 mg/m3。其次是金属粉尘,浓度在3.41～6.80mg/m3。造型工、落砂工、熔炼工、感应炉工、气割工、工具磨工、司炉工和抛丸工接触的矽尘TWA浓度超标,其余作业工人接触粉尘浓度合格。结论大型汽车制造行业粉尘性质主要是矽尘和金属粉尘,粉尘危害以矽尘为主,应将矽尘的控制列为职业卫生工作重点。

Investigation on the workers exposed to dust in large automobile manufacturing industry

Objective To assess the status of the workers exposed to dust in large automobile manufacturing industry under the condition of implementation of new technology,new production process and comprehensive measures for dust control.Methods Bug dust concentration was detected in the workplace of machinery corporation in Guangxi for 6 years by using personal sampling and area short time sampling,the free silica concentration in dust was measured at the same time.Results The highest concentration of free silica was detected in the posts of casting process modeling and knockout with an average of 50%.Concentrations of the major silica dust and metal dust were 1.58-7.25 mg/m3 and 3.41-6.80 mg/m3,the concentrations of silica dust exceeded the exposure limits in molders,knockout workers,smelting workers,induction furnace workers,gas workers,tool grinder,stoker and throwing pill workers.Conclusion The dust characteristics in large automobile manufacturing industry are silica dust and metal dust mainly.The primary dust hazard is from silica dust,the control of silica dust should be as the key point of the occupational hygienic work.