老年人下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及药敏结果分析

目的 了解湘潭地区老年人下呼吸道感染病原学种类及药物敏感情况。方法 从痰标本中分离出2027株细菌，细菌鉴定采用法国生物梅里埃API系统，药敏试验采用纸片扩散法(KB法)，按NCCLS标准判定结果。结果 本地区老年人下呼吸道感染病原菌中革兰氏阳性菌(G^ )占24．9％，革兰氏阴性菌(G^-)占64％，真菌感染率占11．1％。革兰氏阳性球菌以葡萄球菌占第一位，肺炎链球菌占第二位。革兰氏阴性菌前四位分别是肺炎克雷伯氏菌(19．0％)、铜绿假单胞菌(12．9％)、大肠杆菌(12．0％)、不动杆菌(8．0％)。革兰氏阴性杆菌对氨苄西林，第一、二代头孢菌素耐药率高，大多数菌株对头孢他啶、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、亚胺培南敏感。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLS)菌占肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠肝菌的17％，葡萄球菌对大多数抗生素耐药，所有菌株对万古霉素均敏感，其中耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌占42％。

The Distribution of Pathogenic Bacteria and Drug Sensitivity in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Elderly People

Objectives To study the distribution of bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity in old patients with pneumoniae. Methods 2027 clinical isolates were acquired from phlegm specimens ,the identification of bacteria was applied by API system,the susceptibility test was carried out Kirby-Bauer method according to NCCLS standards. Result in 2027 isolates,24.9% were G + cocci,64% were G bacillus,and 11.1% were Candida.Most of G bacillus were Klebsiella pueumoniae(19.0%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(12.9%),Escherichia coli(12.0%) and Acinetobacter (8.0%).Most of the G + cocci were staphylococeus and streptococcus pneumoniae.The rates of resistance to ampicillin,the first and second cephlosperins in G bacillus were very high Most of G bacillus were susceptible to ceftazidime,piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem.In Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli 17% produced ESBL.The staphylococcus were resistant to most of drugs,All of them were susceptible to Vancomycin,42% were resistant to methicillin.