酒精所致精神障碍的临床分析

目的探讨酒精所致精神障碍患者的临床特点。方法回顾分析精神专科医院2011年10月至2012年9月收治的196例酒精所致精神障碍患者，临床资料。结果长期饮酒对神经系统损害较大，精神障碍患者可出现不同程度的幻觉、幻视、妄想、抑郁、情绪高涨、兴奋躁动等不稳定症状，有些患者出现人格障碍及记忆障碍。患病率中文化水平低、体力劳动重的男性居多。对照组总有效率高于常规组（x2=4．6296，P〈0．05）。结论酒精可致精神和躯体损害，早期治疗能改善症状，少量抗精神药物及戒酒等综合性治疗可有效改善患者病情，值得在临床推广应用。

The Clinical Characteristics Analysis of Patients with Mental Disorders Due to Use of Alcohol

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with mental disorders due to use of alcohol. Methods The clinical datas of 196 patients with mental disorders due to use of alcohol, treated from October 2011 to September 2012 in the mental hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Results Long-term alcohol abuse could damage the nervous system. Patients with mental disorders could appear instability symptoms, such as different degrees of illusions, visual hallucination, delusion, depression, mood, excited agitation. The cultural level of patients was generally low, and heavy physical labor men were in the majority. The total effective rate of the control group was higher than that of the conventional group （x^2=4.6296, P〈4.6296）. Conclusion Alcohol can cause mental and physical damage. Early treatment can improve symptoms. A small amount of antidepressant drugs and abstinence and other comprehensive treatment can effectively improve the patients＇ disease status. It is worthy of clinical promotion and use.