犀角类药材的宏观与微观鉴别研究

本文对犀角类药材——暹罗角、广角与小犀角——的形态,组织构造及粉末特征进行了详细的研究。实验表明这三种犀角都是由有细胞构造的许多毛发状的束被间质组织粘结而成的一种器官。束的中心有一个管状的髓部,其中有类球形的髓细胞统松排列,常有气隙存在。髓的周围有多数同心性排列的扁平鳞片状皮层细胞,束间是由数层扁平鳞片状的间质细胞组成。染色试验表明,细胞膜含有角质透明蛋白,而细胞内的原生质则含有角母蛋白。这几种犀角可根据其束的横切面特征如颜色、皮层细胞的形状、色素颗粒的多少、皮层裂隙的有无及多少等进行区别。

MACRO-AND MICROSCOPICAL IDENTIFICATION OF RHINOCEROS HORN DRUGS

The structures of three commercial varieties (Asiatic, African and small) of Rhinoceros horns and diagnostic characters of their powders have been studied in detail.These horns are organs composed of hair-like bundles having cellular structures bound by interstitial tissue. A cylindrical medulla is present in the centre of each bundle and packed loosely with roundish medulla cells. Many concentric layers of flattened, scale-like cortical cells surround the medulla. The interstitial tissue between the bundles are composed of several layers of flattened, scale-like cells.Staining properties showed that the cell-membranes contain keratohyalin while the protoplasm of the cells contains mainly eleidin. The different varieties of Rhinoceros horns can be distinguished by the features of their transverse sections, e. g. colour and shape of the cortical cells, abundance of pigment granules, and presence or absence of cortical fissures.The characters are illustrated with line-drawings and photographs. A key is also provided.