手足口病病原体流行特征分析及临床意义

目的 比较2008和2009年,手足口病流行期间(5至9月),我院手足口病病原体流行特征,分析重症与普通手足口病患儿相关因素差异,为手足口病特别是重症患儿的预警与诊治提供参考.方法 收集2008和2009年,流行期间我院就诊的手足口病患儿154例为研究对象,其中重症28例,并收集同期疱疹性咽炎患儿80例作对照;用荧光定量RT-PCR法进行肠道病毒通用型、肠道病毒71型(EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CA16)定量分型.结果 154例手足口病患儿肠道病毒总阳性率为81.82%(126/154),其中EV71占57.14%(72/126),80例疱疹性咽炎肠道病毒总阳性率为68.75%(55/80),EV71为0例;手足口病2008年以EV71流行为主,2009年以EV71和CA16流行为主,两年患儿肠道病毒株流行特点差异有统计学意义(X2=23.50,P=0.000)(P＜0.01).重症与普通手足口病患儿肠道病毒株流行分布特征差异有统计学意义(X2=29.85,P=0.000)(P＜0.01),手足口病重症病例EV71阳性率92.86%(26/28),明显高于普通病例36.51%(46/126)(X2=29.22,P=0.000)(P＜0.01);EV71阳性手足口病患儿中重症组与轻症组在性别(x2=0.135,P=0.714)和病毒载量(t=0.141,P=0.889)差异没有统计学意义,而年龄差异有统计学意义(t=2.926,P=0.009),重症组患儿年龄小于2岁占88.89%(8/9),普通组患儿平均年龄为3.19岁..结论 手足口病在不同时期的肠道病毒感染往往呈现不同的流行特点,手足口病重症患儿与普通患儿可能在性别和病毒载量上没有差异,年龄小于3岁的EV71阳性手足口病患儿已成为重症病例的危险因子.

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of the etiological agents in children with hand, foot and mouth disease and its clinical significance

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of etiological agents in children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and analyze the differences between the severe and mild cases with HFMD seen from 2008 to 2009 in the Children's Hospital Methods A total of 154 patients with HFMD were enrolled from May 2008 to September 2008 and from May 2009 to September 2009, including 28 severe HFMD patients. Data from 80 cases with suspected herpangina were collected as control. Enterovirus universal type, enterovirus type 71 (EV71) and coxsackie virus group A 16 (CA16) were detected by realtime RT-PCR respoctively. Results The positive rate of enterovirus universal type in the 154 patients with HFMD was 81.82% (126/154). EV71 positive rate in these 126 patients with enterovirus universal type infection was 57.14% (72/126). The positive rate of enterovirus universal type in the 80 cases with suspected herpangina was 68.75% (55/80). There was no EV71 infection in these 80 cases with suspected herpangina. EV71 infection was mainly popular in 2008. Both EV71 and CA16 were prevalent in 2009. The epidemic characteristics of enterovirus infection with HFMD between 2008 and 2009 had significant differences (X2 = 23.50, P = 0.000) ( P ＜ O.01 ). The epidemic characteristics of enterovirus infection between severe and mild HFMD patients also had significant differences (X2 = 29.85, P ＜ O. 01). There were 28 cases with severe HFMD, in whom the EV71 positive rate was 92.86% (26/28). EV71 positive rate in the mild HFMD was 36.51% (46/126) (X2 =29.22, P ＜0.01). There was no significant difference in the gender ( X2 = 0.135, P = 0.714) and virus load (t = 0.141, P = 0.889) between the mild and severe HFMD cases. But the age of mild and severe HFMD showed a significant difference ( t = 2.926, P =O.009). Patients who were less than 2 years of age had a proportion of 88.89% (8/9) with severe HFMD.The mean age of mild HFMD patients was 3.19 years. Conclusion HFMD showed different epidemic characteristics at different times of enterovirus infection. There was no significant difference in the gender and virus load between the mild and severe cases with HFMD. Children under 3 years of age with EV71 infection were at high risk for severe HFMD.