2006-2008年度某院感染现况及影响因素分析

目的：了解某院住院患者医院感染的流行特征,为进一步有效预防医院感染的发生提供依据。方法：用回顾性调查方法对全院医院感染病例进行综合性监测,采用SPSS13.0对医院2006-2008年度院感数据进行统计描述与分析。结果：2006-2008年,医院感染发病率依次为3.5%、4.3%和4.5%,总体上呈逐年上升趋势。2006-2008年医院感染发病年龄段第一位的均是〉60岁年龄段的病人,其次是21~40岁年龄段;下呼吸道感染占首位,其次为上呼吸道感染。2006~2008年医院感染病例中,抗生素的使用率依次为79.3%、88.8%和78.9%。各年份的抗生素使用情况差别有统计学意义（2χ=145.489,P〈0.05）。结论：随着医院规模的扩大医院感染率在不断升高;要加强对老年人医院感染的控制预防;注意易感部位上下呼吸道的易感因素,尽量减少这些部位的医院感染;合理正确地使用抗生素及抗菌药物,注重人的自身免疫,减少病原菌感染,都是切实控制院感的重要措施。

Cross -sectional investigation of nosocomial infection in a hospital

Objective To know the prevalence characteristic of nosocomial infection, so as to provide basis for further effective prevention of it. Methods Comprehensive monitoring of all infection cases was made by using retrospective investigation. SPSS13. 0 was used to describe and analyze the data from 2006 to 2008. Results The incidence rate of nosocomial infection from 2006 to 2008 was 3.5%,4.3%,and 4.5% ,respectively,with an overall trend of yearly increase. Patients above 60 ranked first of nosocomial infection from 2006 to 2008 in age group, followed by age group between 21 to 40. The most common was lower respiratory tract infections ,followed by upper respiratory tract infection. The use of antibiotics from 2006 to 2008 accounted for 79. 3%, 88. 8%,and 78. 9%, respectively. There is a significant difference in the use of antibiotics in respective year （X^2= 145. 489,P〈 0. 05）. Conclusion With the expansion of hospital the rate of infection continues to rise. Infection prevention of the elderly should be strengthened. Special attention should be paid to the susceptible parts of the upper and lower respiratory tract so as to minimize the possibility of infection in these part. Antibiotics and antibacterial drugs should be used reasonably. Autoimmune capability should be emphasized to reduce pathogen infection. All of the above mentioned are all important measures to control nosocomial infections.