Antibacterial activity of carbapenems against clinical isolates of respiratory bacterial pathogens in the northeastern region of Japan in 2007 |
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Authors: | Kazunori Gomi Shigeru Fujimura Katsuhiro Fuse Hidenari Takane Yoshihisa Nakano Yasuko Kariya Toshiaki Kikuchi Iku Kurokawa Yutaka Tokue Akira Watanabe |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;(2) Research Division for Development of Anti-Infective Agents, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;(3) Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, 4-3-21 Dainohara, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8563, Japan;(4) Infection Control and Prevention Center, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi Gunma, 371-8511, Japan |
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Abstract: | As the increasing prevalence of resistant strains of respiratory bacterial pathogens has recently been reported, continuous
monitoring of the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents is important. We performed a surveillance study
focusing on the susceptibility of major respiratory bacterial pathogens in the northeastern region of Japan to carbapenems
and control drugs. A total of 168 bacterial strains isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections in 2007 were
collected and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined. MIC data were subjected to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic
analysis with Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the probability of achieving the target of time above MIC with each carbapenem.
All Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. Despite the increasing prevalence of β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant
strains, all Haemophilus influenzae isolates were susceptible to meropenem. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the susceptibility rates for meropenem and biapenem were 76.7%, and the highest probability of achieving pharmacodynamic
target (40% of the time above MIC) was obtained with meropenem 0.5 g three times daily as a 4-h infusion (89.4%), followed
by meropenem 0.5 g four times daily as a 1-h infusion (88.4%). Carbapenems have retained their position as key drugs for severe
respiratory tract infections. |
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Keywords: | Carbapenem Antibacterial susceptibility Respiratory tract infection (RTI) |
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