更年期妇女生命质量状况及其影响因素研究

目的:为了解更年期妇女生命质量现状及其影响因素,提供健康保健的依据。方法:在某市采取随机整群抽样的方法,应用WHOQOL-BREF及相关影响因素测评量表对1388名更年期(40～55岁)妇女进行测定。结果:研究表明更年期妇女生命质量水平适中的75.1%,生命质量较好和生命质量较差的分别为12.6%和12.3%。对相关影响因素的单因素分析(P<0.05)表明,不同年龄、文化程度、职业、经济收入、工作时间、睡眠时间、婚姻状况、月经情况、慢性病、体育锻炼、肉类食用情况、更年期症状轻重与更年期妇女生命质量均有不同程度相关。对有显著性差异的影响因素做多重比较检验(P<0.05),筛选出对更年期妇女生命质量影响由大到小的因素为经济收入、更年期症状、文化程度、婚姻状况、体育锻炼、慢性病、年龄、肉类食用情况、医疗消费(P<0.05)。

Study on the quality of life in perimenopausal women and its influential factors

Objective:To acquire the women' s status of quality of life (QOL) and its influential factors, and provide the theoretical basis to develop the perimenopausal health care work.Methods:A stratified-cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 388 perimenopausal women aged 40~60 years. WHOQOL-BREF was used to acquire the status of QOL and the influential factors by self made questionnaire in perimenopausal women.Results:12.3% of perimenopausal women' s QOL were under medium level, 75.1% was at the medium, only 12.6% were above medium level. The results of factor analysis showed that the influential factors of QOL in perimenopausal women were age, menopausal symptoms, incomes, educational degrees, chronic diseases, work and sleep time, intake rate of soybean and meat, marital status, occupations and physical exercises. The QOL in perimenopausal women were influenced by many factors. So strengthening the health education to the perimenopausal women on the basis of the influential factors, improving their self-care ability, popularizing the prevent and care knowledge about some familiar diseases in climacteric time, developing psychological counseling on them, are the ways to improve the QOL of perimenopausal women.