海军飞行人员住院疾病谱及停飞疾病谱分析

目的 分析2001-2006年海军飞行人员住院和医学停飞的主要疾病构成及其变迁特点,并对突出问题提出对策建议.方法 对2001-2006年海军总医院收治的飞行人员全部病例和2001-2006年海军飞行人员医学停飞的全部资料进行统计分析,并同以往不同时期海军飞行人员主要疾病和医学停飞疾病资料进行对比研究.结果 ①飞行人员颈椎腰椎疾病明显增多,其疾病构成比达19.1%,医学停飞构成比达140.0%,均位居第1位;②头痛、自主神经功能紊乱等功能性疾病仍然是飞行人员住院和医学停飞的主要原因之一,疾病构成比分别为18.3%与11.3%,医学停飞构成比分别为11.0%与10.0%;③晕厥(包括加速度耐力性晕厥),在住院疾病构成比仅为4.2%,但其医学停飞构成比达13.0%;④消化系统疾病和传染性疾病无论是住院还是医学停飞构成比均逐渐降低,排序亦逐渐靠后,但出现个别性传播性疾病值得重视.结论 飞行人员住院和医学停飞主要疾病与飞行职业因素密切相关,针对飞行人员的职业特点采取合理锻炼和有效装备防护,积极心理学干预和心血管疾病预防等措施,对降低飞行人员患病率和医学停飞率具有重要意义.

Analysis of the hospitalizing and grounding related disease spectrums of Navy flying personnel

Objective To investigate the spectrum of principal diseases that caused flying personnel hospitalized and then grounded from 2001 to 2006, as well as the changes in spectrum in order to provide countermeasure suggestions. Methods The case history data of hospitalized and grounded navy flying personnel from 2001 to 2006 were reviewed and compared to those during other periods. Results ① The incidence of cervical and lumbar spine disorder rose remarkably in navy flying personnel and its constituent ratios that resulted in flying personnel hospitalized and grounded reached 19.1% and 14.0% respectively. Both constituent ratios ranked the first in hospitalization and grounding reasons. ② Headache, neurasthenia and other functional diseases were still the main reasons of causing navy flying personnel hospitalized and grounded. The constituent ratio of these two diseases was 18.3 % and 11.3 % respectively for hospitalization, and was 11.0% and 10.0% respectively'for grounding. ③ Even syncope (including G-induced loss of consciousness) showed a lower constituent ratio of hospitalization as 4.2 %, but a higher constituent ratio of medical grounding as 13.0%. ④ Both the constituent ratios of hospitalization and medical grounding were decreased gradually in gastrointestinal and infectious diseases. But individual cases of infectious disease should still be cared. Conclusions The spectrum of diseases that caused flying personnel hospitalized and medical grounded shows a close correlation to vocational factor. Based on the feature of flight vocational, applying such countermeasures as reasonable exercise, effective protection equipment, positive mental intervention, highly prevention of cardiovascular diseases, etc, would significantly lower the prevalence and medical grounding rate of flying personnel.