上海宝山地区大气PM_（2.5）污染特征分析

目的]了解上海市宝山地区大气PM2.5污染状况,同时进行一些相关因素的分析。方法]PM2.5采用滤膜称重法进行监测,每次连续采样24 h,计算日平均质量浓度,所得数据按季节进行特征分析,同时,利用SPSS 11.5统计软件,将PM2.5质量浓度对数转换后与气象因素（风速、相对湿度、温度）进行相关性分析。结果]①上海宝山地区大气PM2.5质量浓度为0.003～0.260 mg/m3,平均0.052 mg/m3。且冬季PM2.5质量浓度高于夏季、春季和秋季,变化规律依次为冬季〉夏季〉春季〉秋季。②风速与春、夏、秋、冬季的PM2.5质量浓度相关系数分别为：-0.515（P〈0.05）、-0.077（P〉0.05）、-0.112（P〉0.05）和-0.497（P〈0.05）;相对湿度与PM2.5质量浓度的相关系数为0.293（P〈0.05）;温度与PM2.5质量浓度的相关系数为-0.102（P〉0.05）。结论]①上海宝山地区PM2.5污染较为严重,按美国EPA质量标准0.065 mg/m3计算,超标率已达到37.9%。②风速与春季和冬季的PM2.5质量浓度之间有负相关;相对湿度与PM2.5质量浓度之间有正相关。建议加大对环境污染源的治理力度,可根据污染的季节特征及其影响因素,重点加强污染严重时段的监督和控制,同时根据不同的气象条件加以分时治理。

Analysis on Characteristics of Ambient Air PM2.5 Pollution in Baoshan District of Shanghai

Objective] To observe the PM2.5 pollution characteristics in the atmosphere in Baoshan District of Shanghai as well as to analyze some related factors.Methods] PM2.5 concentration was monitored by membrane gravimetric method.Air samples were continuously sampled for 24 h each time thus to calculate the daily average concentration.The data were used to analyze seasonal characteristics,meanwhile,the relationship between the logarithmic transformed value of PM2.5 and climate factors（wind speed,relative humidity,and temperature）was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 statistics software.Results] ①The atmosphere PM2.5 concentration in Baoshan District was in the range from 0.003 mg/m3 to 0.260 mg/m3,averaged in 0.052 mg/m3.The PM2.5 concentration in winter was the highest,with summer,spring,and autumn in decreasing sequeence.②The correlation coefficients between wind speed and PM2.5 concentration in each season were-0.515（P 0.05）,-0.077（P 0.05）,-0.112（P 0.05）and-0.497（P 0.05）in turn.The correlation coefficient between relative humidity（RH）and PM2.5 concentration was 0.293（P 0.05）,and that between temperature and PM2.5 concentration was-0.102（P 0.05）.Conclusion] ①The atmosphere pollution problem in Baoshan District of Shanghai was quiet serious.Based on the EPA standard（0.065 mg/m3）,the exceeding-limit ratio reached 37.9%.②Wind speed negatively correlated to the PM2.5 concentration while the RH positively correlated to it.Enforcement in the treatment of environmental pollution source was suggested,such as to strengthen the supervision and control during the serious pollution period according to the seasoning features and influential factors.Different methods should be considered according to various climatic conditions.