影响人工肱骨头置换后肩关节功能的因素:22例分析

目的:探讨影响人工肱骨头置换后肩关节功能的因素.方法:回顾性分析2006-06/2008-12解放军第二军医大学长海医院骨科收治的肱骨近端粉碎骨折患者22例,男12例,女10例,年龄52～86岁,平均67岁;全部患者均采用人工肱骨头置换,置换过程中尽量减少软组织损伤,保留大结节部位的骨质,选择与关节盂大小匹配的肱骨头假体,早期分阶段功能锻炼,置换后采用Neer评分标准评价人工关节功能.结果:22例患者均获得随访,随访时间10～30个月,平均22.6个月.14例患者置换后经过严格系统的早期功能锻炼,肩关节功能均得到较快的恢复,未出现肩关节不稳及僵硬,8例因怕疼痛欠配合,未进行严格系统的早期功能锻炼,肩关节功能恢复较慢,其中2例出现轻度肩关节不稳,1例肩关节僵硬.22例患者中18例无肩痛,4例偶有肩痛,均能完成日常生活工作,肩关节平均活动范围:前屈96°(80°～103°),后伸38°(32°~45°),外展86°(80°～110°),内收31°(30°～35°),外旋32°(30°~37°),内旋42°(10°～75°).置换后均未发生伤口感染,无血管神经损伤和假体松动、脱位及周围骨折等并发症.人工关节Neer评分,优5例,良13例,可4例,优良率82%.患者主观满意率87%.结论:要最大限度恢复人工肱骨头置换后肩关节的功能,置换过程中要尽可能减少软组织损伤,尽晕保留大结节部位的骨质,选择与关节盂大小匹配的肱骨头假体,早期分阶段功能锻炼,维持正常的肱骨头后倾角.

Factors affecting shoulder joint functions following artificial humeral head replacement: 22 cases analysis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors affecting shoulder joint functions following artificial humeral head replacement. METHODS: A total of 22 patients with complex fracture of proximal humerus, managed by humeral head replacement in Changhai Hospital of The Second Military Medical University from June 2006 to December 2008 were collected, including 12 males and 10 females, with average age of 67 years (52-86 years). During the procedure, soft tissue damage was minimized, the bone of the tuberosity was reserved as much as possible, appropriate matching size of humerus head prosthesis was selected, and early staging functional rehabilitation was performed. Neer's scoring system was used to evaluate the treatment results after replacement. RESULTS: The 22 patients were followed up for 10-30 months, mean 22.6 months. The shoulder joint functions of 14 cases were recovered more quickly through early post-operative staging rehabilitation, No shoulder joint unstable and stiff occurred. The shoulder joint functions of 8 cases were recovered slowly as they complained pain and did not perform early physical therapy after surgery, shoulder joint of 2 cases presented little unstable and 1 case presented stiff. Only 4 cases of all complained occasionally slight shoulder pain, but could continue daily work. The mean movement ranges of shoulder were as follow: mean flexion for 96°(80°-103°), mean extension for 38° (32°-45°), mean abduction for 86°(80°-110°), mean adduction for 31°(30°-35°), mean external rotation for 32°(30°-37°) and internal rotation for 42° (10°-75°). No vasculardamage, nerve damage, lessening prosthesis or prosthesis dislocation was found in all cases. Based on Neer's scoring system, 5 cases were rated as excellent, 11 as good and 4 as fair, with excellent rate of 82% and case satisfaction rate of 87%. CONCLUSION: In order to recover maximally the shoulder joint functions for post-artificial humeral head replacement, we must try our best to avoid soft tissue damage, reserve the bone of the tuberosity, select appropriate humerus head prosthesis, perform early post-operative staging rehabilitation, as well as maintain a normal retroversion of the prosthesis.