医院工作场所暴力对急诊科护士心理健康的影响

目的探讨医院工作场所暴力对急诊科护士心理健康的影响。方法根据世界卫生组织（WHO）发布的工作场所暴力定义设计调查表及应用症状自评量表（SCL-90），对广州市6所三级甲等综合医院96名急诊科护士在半年内遭受过工作场所暴力后进行问卷调查。结果急诊科护士遭受工作场所暴力事件42．16％发生在深夜凌晨，心理暴力发生率为72．55％，患者和患者家属是主要肇事者，暴力事件的危险因素依次为患者或家属的要求未得到满足、对服务不满意、肇事者酗酒。遭受工作场所暴力后，急诊科护士在躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性等方面的因子得分均高于国内常模，差异有统计学意义（t分别为4．676，3．745，2．892，8．236，2．796，8．012，5．177，23．801；P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论工作场所暴力对急诊科护士的心理健康有严重影响，应采取有效措施预防和控制工作场所暴力的发生。

Effect of workplace violence on psychological health in nurse of emergency department

Objective To investigate the effect of workplace violence on psychological health in nurse of emergency department.Methods 96 nurses of emergency department from 6 third-grade class-A hospitals in Guangzhou who had experienced workplace violence since the last six months were investigated by means of SCL-90 and self-designed questionnaire according to WHO' definition of workplace violence.Results 42.16％ of workplace violence happened between late night and early dawn.The incidence of psychological violence was 72.55％.The patients and their family were the main troublemakers.The risk factors of violence were:needs not met,dissatisfaction of service,heavy drinking,in sequence.On account of workplace violence,the average score of somatization,compulsion,depression,anxiety,hostility,fear and mental disease was significantly higher than the Chinese norm (t =4.676,3.745,2.892,8.236,2.796,8.012,5.177,23.801;P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Workplace violence severely affects psychological health of nurse in emergency department and should be prevented and controlled by effective measures.