行为问题儿童的系统家庭康复治疗

背景:儿童发生心理行为问题的主要原因是家庭因素,从系统家庭理论的观点看,无论在何种情况下,儿童行为问题本身反映的都是社会、学校、家庭、亲友等各种人际系统网络与个体间复杂的交互作用的关系,家庭治疗是治疗儿童行为问题的重要途径。目的:观察系统家庭康复治疗是否适用于干预儿童的行为问题。设计:整群抽样,对比观察。单位:昆明医学院精神科。对象:选择2004-05/2005-03昆明市明通小学276名四年级学生及家长。根据整群抽样的原则对学生及其家长进行调查。方法:采用家庭动力学自评量表调查276名小学四年级学生的家庭动力学特征,采用Achenbach儿童行为父母问卷调查他们的行为情况。检出有行为问题儿童57例,全体家庭成员自愿参加的家庭作为干预组,任何一名家庭成员不愿参加活动的家庭作为异常对照组,对干预组及其父母进行4个月的系统家庭治疗。4个月后再次进行问卷调查。主要观察指标:干预前后两组家庭动力学及儿童行为比较。结果:干预组干预后家庭动力学和儿童行为发生了变化且有统计学差异:家庭气氛由“沉闷、敌对”向“和谐愉快、平等开放”的方向转变;家庭成员的个性化程度由低向高转变;疾病观念由“认为患者是无能为力的受害者”向“患者可以有所作为”的方向转变,实现“疾病观念的软化”,Achenbach儿童行为父母问卷调查总分下降父亲问卷干预前后分别为(42.20±22.58),(28.95±21.90)分,母亲问卷干预前后分别为(50.95±14.60),(36.40±15.36)分,P<0.05]。异常对照组父母亲分别评定的儿童行为变化差异无显著性父亲问卷干预前后分别为(38.32±17.30),(37.57±16.45)分,母亲问卷干预前后分别为(45.54±16.02),(40.14±17.95)分,P>0.05]。结论:应用系统家庭治疗的思想和技术,家庭治疗干预儿童的行为问题是可行的和有效的。

Systemic family rehabilitation for children with behavioral problems

BACKGROUND: Family factor is the main reason for children's psychological and behavioral problems. Seen from the view of systemic family theory, in any circumstances, children's behavioral problems reflect various interpersonal systemic networks among society, school, family, relatives and friends and the relationship of complicated interactions among individuals.Family therapy is an important way to cure children's behavioral problems.OBJECTIVE: To observe whether systemic family rehabilitation is adequate for intervening in children's behavioral problems.DESIGN: Cluster sampling; Contrast observationSETTING: Department of Psychiatry, Kunming Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 276 students in grade four from Mingtong primary school of Kunming City were selected along with their parents from May 2004 to March 2005. A survey was conducted on students and their parents according to the principle of cluster sampling.METHODS: Self-rating family dynamics scale was used to investigate the characteristics of family dynamics of 276 students in grade four. Achenbach child behavior checklist for parents was adopted to investigate the situation of their children' s behaviors. 57 cases of children with behavioral problems were detected out, and took the families in which the whole family members voluntarily participated in the intervention as interventional group and the families in which any one of the family members did not want to participate in the intervention as abnormal control group. The students and their parents in interventional group were treated with 4-month systemic therapy. 4 months later, resent the above rating scales.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of family dynamics and children's behaviors between interventional group and abnormal control group before and after intervention.RESULTS: After intervention, changes of family dynamics and children's behaviors in interventional group had taken place, which had statistical difference. The changes as follows: family atmosphere changed from "depressive and hostile" to "harmonious, pleasant, equal and exoteric"; the degree of individuation of family members changed from low level to high; disease concept changed from "regarding the patients as helpless victims" to "regarding them as helpful doers", which realize "softening of disease concept". The total scores of Achenbach child behavior checklist for parents decreased The scores of questionnaire for fathers before and after intervention were (42.20±22.58) and (28.95±21.90) respectively, and scores of questionnaire for mothers before and after intervention were (50.95±14.60) and (36.40-±15.36) respectively, P ＜ 0.05]. There was no significant difference between the changes of children's behaviors assessed by fathers and mothers in abnormal control group The scores of questionnaire for fathers before and after intervention were (38.32±17.30) and (37.57±16.45) respectively, and scores of questionnaire for mothers before and after intervention were (45.54±16.02) and (40.14±17.95) respectively, P ＞ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Using the idea and technique of systemic family therapy ,it is feasible and effective to intervene in children's behavioral problems by family therapy.