长爪沙鼠毛色遗传的研究进展及其应用前景

长爪沙鼠毛色的突变迄今已有11种之多，本综述了有详细特征描述的8种毛色及其遗传机制。这8种毛色中的野生色，受A位点(刺鼠毛色)和a位点(非刺鼠型黑色)控制；白色，受c位点控制，其等位基因有c^h基因(喜马拉雅型毛色)、c^chm基因(中度青紫蓝)；白斑毛色，受Sp位点控制；灰色，受g位点控制；粉眼淡化色，受p位点控制。另外还有无毛突变、扩展位点的突变及淡化位点的突变等毛色出现。因长爪沙鼠是一种多用途的实验动物，其毛色研究有着较广阔的前景。

The Advance and Prospects of Studies on Genetics of the Coat Colors of Mongolian Gerbil

Between 1970 and 2001,eleven coat mutants of Mongolian Gerbil arose in scientific laboratory and pet population.Among them,eight coat colors and their genetic mechanism were detailed in this article.The wild system includes two loci,one is A locus(coat color is agouti),the other is a locus(coat color is non-agouti or black).C system includes c locus (albino),c+h(acromelanistic albino),c chm(chinchilla medium).The white spotting mutant is controlled by Sp locus.g locus appears to a gray coat color, and p locus seems to be master of pink-eyed dilution.The hairless phenotype is only elementary introduction. No reports are on the molecular mechanism in the coat colors of Mongolian gerbil,hitherto.The gerbil is a kind of multifunctional laboratory animal;therefore studying on the field of the gerbil coat colors has wide prospects.