306例骨髓增生异常综合征染色体核型的研究

本研究目的是探讨染色体异常克隆在骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)诊断及预后评估中的重要地位。运用染色体常规G显带技术及FISH技术对 30 6例MDS患者的染色体核型进行分析 ,并对其中 93例进行临床追踪观察。结果表明 :30 6例MDS中有 14 4例检出异常克隆 ,总的核型异常率为 4 7.1% ,发生频率较高的染色体畸变依次为 : 8,易位型 ,复杂及高度复杂异常核型 ,- 7/ 7q - ,2 0q - / - 2 0 ,三体 1或部分三体 1, 9/ 9q ,-Y , 11/ 11q - ,- 9/ 9q - ,dup(1q) , 2 1。难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多 (RAEB)与转化性难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多(RAEBT)的核型异常率明显高于难治性贫血 (RA)及难治性贫血伴缺粒幼细胞 (RAS) (P <0 .0 5 )。有诱变剂接触史者染色体畸变率高于无诱变剂接触史者。随访 93例中核型异常者生存时间明显短于核型正常者 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,向急性白血病转化的机率明显高于核型正常者 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中复杂或高度复杂核型 ,- 7/ 7q - , 11/ 11q -者预后差。结论 :MDS是一组高度异质性的克隆性疾病 ,染色体核型分析对MDS的正确诊断、病情监测、治疗方案选择及预后评估有重要价值。

Study on Karyotype of 306 Cases of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

The purpose of this study was to explore the significance of abnormal karyotype in diagnosis and prognosis estimation of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Chromosome analysis were performed in 306 cases of MDS using the short-term culture of bone marrow cell and G-banding technique, and in partial cases FISH technique was used for this analysis. 93 out of 306 cases were followed up. The results showed that 144 cases (47.1%) had clonal chromosome aberrations. The most common chromosomal aberrations included +8, translocation, complex or high complex karyotype, -7/7q-, 20q-/-20, trisomy 1 or partial trisomy 1, +11/+11q-, -9/9q-, +9/9q+, -Y, dup(1q), +21. The rate of abnormal karyotype in refractory anemia with erythroblasts (RAEB) and refractory anemia with erythroblasts-transformation (RAEBT) were much higher than in refractory anemia (RA) and refractory anemia with sideroblasts (RAS) (P < 0.05). The rate of abnormal karyotype among those cases with mutagen contact history were higher than those in cases without mutagen contact history. The patients with abnormal karyotype had a mean survival time much shorter than patients with normal karyotype (P < 0.005) and had a higher risk transforming into acute leukemia (P < 0.05). The worst outcome was observed in those patients with a complex or high complex karyotype, -7/7q- and trisomy 11. In conclusion, MDS is highly heterogeneous disorders and karyotype analysis is helpful for its diagnosis, treatment selection and prognosis estimation.