Paraquat and Parkinson's disease: an overview of the epidemiology and a review of two recent studies |
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Authors: | Mandel J S Adami H-O Cole P |
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Affiliation: | Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States. jmandel@exponent.com |
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Abstract: | ObjectiveThis paper reviews and evaluates two recent epidemiologic studies focused on pesticides, and in particular, paraquat as a cause of PD. Both studies are derived primarily from the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). A review and evaluation is also provided on the AHS and several additional studies of paraquat and PD.MethodsThe methods used to design and conduct the studies and analyze the data are described and evaluated.ResultsStudies were inadequately designed and often underpowered with very few exposed individuals. They were not population-based, failed to distinguish incident from prevalent cases, relied on multiple comparisons, and may have reported results selectively. The results across the studies are inconsistent.ConclusionsThe inherent difficulties of studying Parkinson’s disease in relation to paraquat or other pesticides are well illustrated by these studies. A conclusion regarding these relationships cannot be reached based on the current literature. Further research with higher methodological standards is needed to reach a definitive conclusion. |
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Keywords: | Paraquat Parkinson’s disease Pesticides Epidemiology |
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