山东省某县新型农村合作医疗受益公平性研究

目的研究农村居民从新型农村合作医疗制度中的受益公平程度。方法应用受益归属分析方法对政府补助分配的合理性进行研究，用集中指数和人群五分位组来评价农民从新型农村合作医疗制度中受益的公平程度。结果从居民受益角度看，总补助的集中指数是负值，贫困人群获得补助的比重高于其人群比重，而富裕人群获得补助的比重低于其人口比重。但是，有10％左右的最贫困人群的集中曲线位于公平线下方。从不同医疗服务看，门诊和住院补助的分布也存在差异，住院的公平程度好于门诊。结论在提高新型农村合作医疗受益公平性方面，应在提高补偿水平、完善家庭门诊账户及扩大“基本医疗安全服务包”覆盖范围等方面进行改进。

Study on benefit equity of the new rural cooperative medical system in a county of Shandong Province

Objective To investigate the benefits equity of rural residents from the new rural cooperative medical system. Methods The rationality of government subsidies allocation was appraised using benefit incidence analysis and the benefit equity for the rural population from the new rural cooperative medical system was evaluated with concentration index and five equal divisions of populatior. Results From the perspective of population benefit, the total concentration index of subsidy was negative. The proportion of subsidies for the poor was higher than the proportion of their population, while the proportion of subsidies for the rich was lower than that of their population. However, there were about 10 percent of the most poor population whose concentration curve was under the equal line. From the perspective of medical service, the proportions of the subsidies for outpatients and for inpatients were also different. The equity for the inpatients was better than the outpatients. Conclusion To improve the benefit equity in the new rural cooperative medical system, we should raise the compensation level, perfect the household outpatient account, and expand the coverage of essential medical security services package.