老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者发生骨质疏松的危险因素

目的 探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者发生骨质疏松的危险因素及与肺功能损害程度的关系.方法 选择COPD急性加重(AECOPD)入院治疗的患者180例(女性82例,男性98例),入院期间采用双能X线骨密度测定仪测定患者腰椎2～4节段和髋关节的骨密度,依据骨密度检测结果将患者分为COPD合并骨质疏松组和单纯COPD组,并记录所有患者吸烟史、骨折发生次数、激素使用情况等.入院期间测定肺功能、6min步行距离(6MWD)、体质指数(BMI)、血浆白蛋白水平等.结果 患者年龄65～79岁,平均(72±7)岁,平均吸烟量(59±27)包/年,第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)为(36.5±9.8)%,其中30%(54/180)患者近期吸入或口服糖皮质激素大于3个月.骨密度测定结果显示,171例(95%)的患者骨密度低于正常,其中119例(66%)患有骨质疏松,男性61例,发生率62%,女性58例,发生率70%,性别间差异无统计学意义(x2=1.435,P=0.330),52例(29%)骨量减少.骨折发生人数女性15例(18%),略高于男性的12例(12%)(x2=1.281,P=0.258).BMI与骨质疏松相关(r=0.362,P=0.000),6MWD与骨质疏松相关(r=0.635,P=0.048),肺残气占预计值百分比(RV%)与骨质疏松相关(r=0.688,P=0.037),用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%)与骨质疏松明显相关(r=0.973,P=0.006).结论 骨质疏松是老年COPD患者主要的肺外表现之一,中、重度COPD患者骨质疏松发生率明显高于同龄健康人群,应给予足够的重视和积极的干预.

Risk factors analysis of osteoporosis in elderly patients with chronic obstructive lung disease

Objective To explore the risk factors of osteoporosis and the relation with pulmonary dysfunction in elderly patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Methods One hundred and eighty patients (82 females and 98 males) with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease (AECOPD) from March 2006 to June 2008 were selected in the study. The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae and hip joint were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). All the patients were divided into two COPD groups with and without osteoporsis. The smoking history, incidence of vertebral fractures, glucocorticosteroid using condition and so on were recorded. The pulmonary function, 6-minute walk distance(6MWD), body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin concentration were evaluated. Results The mean age of all patients was (72±7)years, and the average smoking amount was (59±27)pack years. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) was(36.46±9.8)%, and 30% of the patients had inhaled or oral glucocorticoids for more than 3 months. The BMD measurement results showed that BMD of 95% patients(171 cases) was lower than the normal level, and 119 cases (66%) had osteoporosis, including 61 males and 58 females (62%vs. 70%, x2 = 1.435, P=0.33), and 52 cases had (29%) osteopenia. Linear correlation analysis showed that BMI, 6MWD, RV% and FVC% had positive correlation with osteoporosis (r=0.362, 0.635, 0.688, 0.973;all P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of osteoporosis is high in elderly patients with moderate or severe COPD, and enough attention and active intervention shoule be paid.