鼾症动物模型的建立及其气管力学重建的实验研究

目的　建立阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)动物模型，研究咽腔力学环境改变对气管力学特性的影响。方法　利用低压舱饲养小型猪获得OSAHS 动物模型，测量其气管无载荷、零应力状态的几何尺寸及不同轴向伸长比下的压力(p)-容积(V)关系。进一步计算得到气管的零压顺应性，并与正常对照组比较。结果　模型猪出现了明显的类OSAHS表现。与正常对照组相比，模型猪气管无载荷、零应力状态几何尺寸增大，不同伸长比下的零压顺应性增大；模型猪气管黏膜组织的超微结构发生了明显改变。结论　提出的建立OSAHS动物模型的方法具有可行性，模型猪气管的形态与结构及力学特性均发生了重建。

Construction of an OSAHS Animal Model and Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Remodeling in the Tracheae

Objective To set up an obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) animal model and investigate the effect of the mechanical environment change in pharyngeal cavity on mechanical property of trachea. Method An OSAHS animal model was obtained by culturing Guizhou mini-type pigs in low pressure chamber; the in situ longitudinal stretch ratio, the morphologies of no-load state and zero-stress stateas well as the pressure (p)-volume (V) relationship under different longitudinal stretch ratios of trachea were measured; The zero-pressure compliance describing the mechanical property of trachea was calculated based on the p-V relationship; Compared the obtained data in model pigs with those in control group. Results The OSAHS symptom appeared in the model pigs. Compared with control group, the geometrical sizes of no-load state and zero-stress state in model pigs increases, as same as the zero-pressure compliance under different longitudinal stretch ratios. The ultrastructure of trachea's mucosa of the model pig was significantly remodeled. Conclusion The method to establish the OSAHS animal model is reasonable. The geometrical structure and morphology as well as the mechanical property of trachea remodeled have all changed in this mechanical environment of trachea.