Self‐management programmes in temporomandibular disorders: results from an international Delphi process |
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| Authors: | J. Durham M. Al‐Baghdadi L. Baad‐Hansen M. Breckons J. P. Goulet F. Lobbezoo T. List A. Michelotti D. R. Nixdorf C. C. Peck K. Raphael E. Schiffman J. G. Steele W. Story R. Ohrbach |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Oral Health Research & Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne Hospitals’ NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK;2. Oral Surgery Unit, Al‐Noor Specialized Dental Care Centre, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq;3. Section 4. of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Institute of Odontology and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;5. Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK;6. Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada;7. Department of Oral Health Sciences, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;8. Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Faculty of Odontology, Malm? University, Malm?, Sweden;9. of Orthodontics, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Oral Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy;10. Division of TMD and Orofacial Pain, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;11. Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;12. New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA;13. Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK;14. Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA |
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| Abstract: | Self‐management (SM) programmes are commonly used for initial treatment of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The programmes described in the literature, however, vary widely with no consistency in terminology used, components of care or their definitions. The aims of this study were therefore to construct an operationalised definition of self‐management appropriate for the treatment of patients with TMD, identify the components of that self‐management currently being used and create sufficiently clear and non‐overlapping standardised definitions for each of those components. A four‐round Delphi process with eleven international experts in the field of TMD was conducted to achieve these aims. In the first round, the participants agreed upon six principal concepts of self‐management. In the remaining three rounds, consensus was achieved upon the definition and the six components of self‐management. The main components identified and agreed upon by the participants to constitute the core of a SM programme for TMD were as follows: education; jaw exercises; massage; thermal therapy; dietary advice and nutrition; and parafunctional behaviour identification, monitoring and avoidance. This Delphi process has established the principal concepts of self‐management, and a standardised definition has been agreed with the following components for use in clinical practice: education; self‐exercise; self‐massage; thermal therapy; dietary advice and nutrition; and parafunctional behaviour identification, monitoring and avoidance. The consensus‐derived concepts, definitions and components of SM offer a starting point for further research to advance the evidence base for, and clinical utility of, TMD SM. |
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| Keywords: | temporomandibular disorders temporomandibular joint disorders self‐care self‐management Delphi technique Delphi process conservative management |
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