m6A与mRNA代谢及其与恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展

N6-甲基腺嘌呤（N6-methyladenosine,m6A）为高等真核生物信使RNA（messenger RNA，mRNA）中最普遍的内部修饰，几乎影响mRNA代谢的每个步骤，包括mRNA的加工、核输出、翻译以及降解等。该修饰过程由m6A修饰酶:甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶以动态可逆的方式进行调控。此外生物体中还存在能与m6A特异性识别结合并介导其行使一定生物学功能的m6A结合蛋白。最近，越来越多的研究发现m6A与恶性肿瘤有关，有助于肿瘤干细胞的自我更新，促进恶性肿瘤细胞增殖等。m6A与恶性转化的表型及机制密切相关，表现出m6A靶向治疗人类恶性肿瘤的可能性。换言之，m6A可能成为恶性肿瘤治疗的新靶标。本文旨在对m6A如何调控mRNA代谢及其与恶性肿瘤的关系进行综述。

Effects of N6-methyladenosine on metabolism of mRNA and the relationship with malignant tumors

As one of the most prevalent modifications on eukaryotic messenger RNA(mRNA),N6-methyladenosine(m6A)affects almost every step of metabolism of messenger RNA(mRNA),such as mRNA processing,transport,translation,degradation and so on.It is regulated by m6A modification enzymes(methyltransferases and demethylases)in a dynamically reversible manner.In addition,there are also m6A-binding proteins,which can specifically bind to m6A and mediate their biological functions.In recent years,m6A has been found to be associated with malignant tumors by more and more studies.It was reported to contribute to the self-renewal of tumor stem cells and promote the proliferation of malignant tumor cells.m6A is closely related to the phenotype and mechanism of malignant transformation,showing the possibility of m6A targeting therapy for human malignant tumors.In other words,m6A may become a new target for the treatment of malignant tumors.This review summarizes effects of m6A on mRNA metabolism and the relationship with malignant tumors.